## compute the factorial of 5, and print the result
#
# To run:
#   $ bootstrap/bootstrap translate [01]*.subx factorial.subx -o factorial
#   $ bootstrap/bootstrap run factorial
# Expected result:
#   $ echo $?
#   120
#
# You can also run the automated test suite:
#   $ bootstrap/bootstrap run factorial test
# Expected output:
#   ........
# Every '.' indicates a passing test. Failing tests get a 'F'.

== code
#   instruction                     effective address                                                   register    displacement    immediate
# . op          subop               mod             rm32          base        index         scale       r32
# . 1-3 bytes   3 bits              2 bits          3 bits        3 bits      3 bits        2 bits      2 bits      0/1/2/4 bytes   0/1/2/4 bytes

factorial:  # n: int -> _/eax: int
    # . prologue
    55/push-ebp
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp
    51/push-ecx
    # if (n <= 1) return 1
    b8/copy-to-eax  1/imm32
    81          7/subop/compare     1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         1/imm32           # compare *(ebp+8)
    7e/jump-if-<=  $factorial:end/disp8
    # var ecx: int = n-1
    8b/copy                         1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                         1/r32/ecx   8/disp8         .                 # copy *(ebp+8) to ecx
    49/decrement-ecx
    # var eax: int = factorial(n-1)
    # . . push args
    51/push-ecx
    # . . call
    e8/call  factorial/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # return n * factorial(n-1)
    f7          4/subop/multiply    1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .                                     8/disp8         .                 # multiply *(ebp+8) into eax
    # TODO: check for overflow
$factorial:end:
    # restore registers
    59/pop-to-ecx
    # . epilogue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           5/r32/ebp   .               .                 # copy ebp to esp
    5d/pop-to-ebp
    c3/return

test-factorial:
    # factorial(5)
    # . . push args
    68/push  5/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  factorial/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # check-ints-equal(eax, 120, msg)
    # . . push args
    68/push  "F - test-factorial"/imm32
    68/push  0x78/imm32/expected-120
    50/push-eax
    # . . call
    e8/call  check-ints-equal/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xc/imm32         # add to esp
    # end
    c3/return

Entry:  # run tests if necessary, compute `factorial(5)` if not
    # . prologue
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ebp

    # initialize heap (needed by tests elsewhere)
    # . Heap = new-segment(Heap-size)
    # . . push args
    68/push  Heap/imm32
    ff          6/subop/push        0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           .           Heap-size/disp32                  # push *Heap-size
    # . . call
    e8/call  new-segment/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp

    # if (argc <= 1) return factorial(5)
$run-main:
    81          7/subop/compare     1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           0/disp8         1/imm32           # compare *ebp
    7f/jump-if->  $main:run-tests/disp8
    # eax = factorial(5)
    # . . push args
    68/push  5/imm32
    # . . call
    e8/call  factorial/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               4/imm32           # add to esp
    # var buffer/ecx: (stream byte 10)  # number of decimal digits a 32-bit number can have
    81          5/subop/subtract    3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               0xa/imm32         # subtract from esp
    68/push  0xa/imm32/decimal-digits-in-32bit-number
    68/push  0/imm32/read
    68/push  0/imm32/write
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    1/rm32/ecx    .           .             .           4/r32/esp   .               .                 # copy esp to ecx
    # write-int32-decimal(buffer, eax)
    # . . push args
    50/push-eax
    51/push-ecx
    # . . call
    e8/call  write-int32-decimal/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # write-stream(stderr, buffer)
    # . . push args
    51/push-ecx
    68/push  2/imm32/stderr
    # . . call
    e8/call  write-stream/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # write(stderr, Newline)
    # . . push args
    68/push  Newline/imm32
    68/push  2/imm32/stderr
    # . . call
    e8/call  write/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    #
    89/copy                         3/mod/direct    3/rm32/ebx    .           .             .           0/r32/eax   .               .                 # copy eax to ebx
    eb/jump  $main:end/disp8
$main:run-tests:
    # otherwise if first arg is "test", then return run_tests()
    # if (!kernel-string-equal?(argv[1], "test")) goto do-nothing
    # . eax = kernel-string-equal?(argv[1], "test")
    # . . push args
    68/push  "test"/imm32
    ff          6/subop/push        1/mod/*+disp8   5/rm32/ebp    .           .             .           .           8/disp8         .                 # push *(ebp+8)
    # . . call
    e8/call  kernel-string-equal?/disp32
    # . . discard args
    81          0/subop/add         3/mod/direct    4/rm32/esp    .           .             .           .           .               8/imm32           # add to esp
    # . if (eax == false) goto do-nothing
    3d/compare-eax-and  0/imm32/false
    74/jump-if-=  $main:do-nothing/disp8
    # run-tests()
    e8/call  run-tests/disp32
    # exit(*Num-test-failures)
    8b/copy                         0/mod/indirect  5/rm32/.disp32            .             .           3/r32/ebx   Num-test-failures/disp32          # copy *Num-test-failures to ebx
    eb/jump  $main:end/disp8
$main:do-nothing:
    bb/copy-to-ebx  0/imm32
$main:end:
    e8/call  syscall_exit/disp32

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