08a0eed699
Couple more tweaks to html rendering: a) SubX definitions no longer link redundantly to themselves. This long-standing issue turns out to be tractable to solve for SubX files since the syntax is so simple. b) Fix links to SubX definitions in other directories. I forgot that I have to always generate tags from the directory of the file being linkified. c) Fix link colors. Before we lost all syntax highlighting for functions and Globals. Now they maintain their colors, just add an underline.
198 lines
17 KiB
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198 lines
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<a href='https://github.com/akkartik/mu/blob/master/000organization.cc'>https://github.com/akkartik/mu/blob/master/000organization.cc</a>
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<pre id='vimCodeElement'>
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<span id="L1" class="LineNr"> 1 </span><span class="Comment">//: You guessed right: the '000' prefix means you should start reading here.</span>
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<span id="L2" class="LineNr"> 2 </span><span class="Comment">//:</span>
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<span id="L3" class="LineNr"> 3 </span><span class="Comment">//: This project is set up to load all files with a numeric prefix. Just</span>
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<span id="L4" class="LineNr"> 4 </span><span class="Comment">//: create a new file and start hacking.</span>
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<span id="L5" class="LineNr"> 5 </span><span class="Comment">//:</span>
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<span id="L6" class="LineNr"> 6 </span><span class="Comment">//: The first few files (00*) are independent of what this program does, an</span>
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<span id="L7" class="LineNr"> 7 </span><span class="Comment">//: experimental skeleton that will hopefully make it both easier for others to</span>
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<span id="L8" class="LineNr"> 8 </span><span class="Comment">//: understand and more malleable, easier to rewrite and remould into radically</span>
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<span id="L9" class="LineNr"> 9 </span><span class="Comment">//: different shapes without breaking in subtle corner cases. The premise is</span>
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<span id="L10" class="LineNr"> 10 </span><span class="Comment">//: that understandability and rewrite-friendliness are related in a virtuous</span>
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<span id="L11" class="LineNr"> 11 </span><span class="Comment">//: cycle. Doing one well makes it easier to do the other.</span>
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<span id="L12" class="LineNr"> 12 </span><span class="Comment">//:</span>
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<span id="L13" class="LineNr"> 13 </span><span class="Comment">//: Lower down, this file contains a legal, bare-bones C++ program. It doesn't</span>
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<span id="L14" class="LineNr"> 14 </span><span class="Comment">//: do anything yet; subsequent files will contain :(...) directives to insert</span>
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<span id="L15" class="LineNr"> 15 </span><span class="Comment">//: lines into it. For example:</span>
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<span id="L16" class="LineNr"> 16 </span><span class="Comment">//: :(after "more events")</span>
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<span id="L17" class="LineNr"> 17 </span><span class="Comment">//: This directive means: insert the following lines after a line in the</span>
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<span id="L18" class="LineNr"> 18 </span><span class="Comment">//: program containing the words "more events".</span>
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<span id="L19" class="LineNr"> 19 </span><span class="Comment">//:</span>
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<span id="L20" class="LineNr"> 20 </span><span class="Comment">//: A simple tool is included to 'tangle' all the files together in sequence</span>
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<span id="L21" class="LineNr"> 21 </span><span class="Comment">//: according to their directives into a single source file containing all the</span>
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<span id="L22" class="LineNr"> 22 </span><span class="Comment">//: code for the project, and then feed the source file to the compiler.</span>
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<span id="L23" class="LineNr"> 23 </span><span class="Comment">//: (It'll drop these comments starting with a '//:' prefix that only make</span>
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<span id="L24" class="LineNr"> 24 </span><span class="Comment">//: sense before tangling.)</span>
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<span id="L25" class="LineNr"> 25 </span><span class="Comment">//:</span>
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<span id="L26" class="LineNr"> 26 </span><span class="Comment">//: Directives free up the programmer to order code for others to read rather</span>
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<span id="L27" class="LineNr"> 27 </span><span class="Comment">//: than as forced by the computer or compiler. Each individual feature can be</span>
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<span id="L28" class="LineNr"> 28 </span><span class="Comment">//: organized in a self-contained 'layer' that adds code to many different data</span>
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<span id="L29" class="LineNr"> 29 </span><span class="Comment">//: structures and functions all over the program. The right decomposition into</span>
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<span id="L30" class="LineNr"> 30 </span><span class="Comment">//: layers will let each layer make sense in isolation.</span>
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<span id="L31" class="LineNr"> 31 </span><span class="Comment">//:</span>
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<span id="L32" class="LineNr"> 32 </span><span class="Comment">//: "If I look at any small part of it, I can see what is going on -- I don't</span>
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<span id="L33" class="LineNr"> 33 </span><span class="Comment">//: need to refer to other parts to understand what something is doing.</span>
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<span id="L34" class="LineNr"> 34 </span><span class="Comment">//:</span>
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<span id="L35" class="LineNr"> 35 </span><span class="Comment">//: If I look at any large part in overview, I can see what is going on -- I</span>
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<span id="L36" class="LineNr"> 36 </span><span class="Comment">//: don't need to know all the details to get it.</span>
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<span id="L37" class="LineNr"> 37 </span><span class="Comment">//:</span>
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<span id="L38" class="LineNr"> 38 </span><span class="Comment">//: Every level of detail is as locally coherent and as well thought-out as</span>
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<span id="L39" class="LineNr"> 39 </span><span class="Comment">//: any other level."</span>
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<span id="L40" class="LineNr"> 40 </span><span class="Comment">//:</span>
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<span id="L41" class="LineNr"> 41 </span><span class="Comment">//: -- Richard Gabriel, "The Quality Without A Name"</span>
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<span id="L42" class="LineNr"> 42 </span><span class="Comment">//: (<a href="http://dreamsongs.com/Files/PatternsOfSoftware.pdf">http://dreamsongs.com/Files/PatternsOfSoftware.pdf</a>, page 42)</span>
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<span id="L43" class="LineNr"> 43 </span><span class="Comment">//:</span>
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<span id="L44" class="LineNr"> 44 </span><span class="Comment">//: Directives are powerful; they permit inserting or modifying any point in</span>
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<span id="L45" class="LineNr"> 45 </span><span class="Comment">//: the program. Using them tastefully requires mapping out specific lines as</span>
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<span id="L46" class="LineNr"> 46 </span><span class="Comment">//: waypoints for future layers to hook into. Often such waypoints will be in</span>
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<span id="L47" class="LineNr"> 47 </span><span class="Comment">//: comments, capitalized to hint that other layers rely on their presence.</span>
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<span id="L48" class="LineNr"> 48 </span><span class="Comment">//:</span>
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<span id="L49" class="LineNr"> 49 </span><span class="Comment">//: A single waypoint might have many different code fragments hooking into</span>
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<span id="L50" class="LineNr"> 50 </span><span class="Comment">//: it from all over the codebase. Use 'before' directives to insert</span>
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<span id="L51" class="LineNr"> 51 </span><span class="Comment">//: code at a location in order, top to bottom, and 'after' directives to</span>
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<span id="L52" class="LineNr"> 52 </span><span class="Comment">//: insert code in reverse order. By convention waypoints intended for insertion</span>
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<span id="L53" class="LineNr"> 53 </span><span class="Comment">//: before begin with 'End'. Notice below how the layers line up above the "End</span>
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<span id="L54" class="LineNr"> 54 </span><span class="Comment">//: Foo" waypoint.</span>
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<span id="L55" class="LineNr"> 55 </span><span class="Comment">//:</span>
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<span id="L56" class="LineNr"> 56 </span><span class="Comment">//: File 001 File 002 File 003</span>
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<span id="L57" class="LineNr"> 57 </span><span class="Comment">//: ============ =================== ===================</span>
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<span id="L58" class="LineNr"> 58 </span><span class="Comment">//: // Foo</span>
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<span id="L59" class="LineNr"> 59 </span><span class="Comment">//: ------------</span>
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<span id="L60" class="LineNr"> 60 </span><span class="Comment">//: <---- :(before "End Foo")</span>
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<span id="L61" class="LineNr"> 61 </span><span class="Comment">//: ....</span>
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<span id="L62" class="LineNr"> 62 </span><span class="Comment">//: ...</span>
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<span id="L63" class="LineNr"> 63 </span><span class="Comment">//: ------------</span>
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<span id="L64" class="LineNr"> 64 </span><span class="Comment">//: <---------------------------- :(before "End Foo")</span>
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<span id="L65" class="LineNr"> 65 </span><span class="Comment">//: ....</span>
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<span id="L66" class="LineNr"> 66 </span><span class="Comment">//: ...</span>
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<span id="L67" class="LineNr"> 67 </span><span class="Comment">//: // End Foo</span>
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<span id="L68" class="LineNr"> 68 </span><span class="Comment">//: ============</span>
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<span id="L69" class="LineNr"> 69 </span><span class="Comment">//:</span>
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<span id="L70" class="LineNr"> 70 </span><span class="Comment">//: Here's part of a layer in color: <a href="http://i.imgur.com/0eONnyX.png">http://i.imgur.com/0eONnyX.png</a>. Directives</span>
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<span id="L71" class="LineNr"> 71 </span><span class="Comment">//: are shaded dark.</span>
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<span id="L72" class="LineNr"> 72 </span><span class="Comment">//:</span>
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<span id="L73" class="LineNr"> 73 </span><span class="Comment">//: Layers do more than just shuffle code around. In a well-organized codebase</span>
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<span id="L74" class="LineNr"> 74 </span><span class="Comment">//: it should be possible to stop loading after any file/layer, build and run</span>
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<span id="L75" class="LineNr"> 75 </span><span class="Comment">//: the program, and pass all tests for loaded features. (Relevant is</span>
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<span id="L76" class="LineNr"> 76 </span><span class="Comment">//: <a href="http://youtube.com/watch?v=c8N72t7aScY">http://youtube.com/watch?v=c8N72t7aScY</a>, a scene from "2001: A Space</span>
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<span id="L77" class="LineNr"> 77 </span><span class="Comment">//: Odyssey".) Get into the habit of running the included script called</span>
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<span id="L78" class="LineNr"> 78 </span><span class="Comment">//: 'test_layers' before you commit any changes.</span>
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<span id="L79" class="LineNr"> 79 </span><span class="Comment">//:</span>
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<span id="L80" class="LineNr"> 80 </span><span class="Comment">//: This 'subsetting guarantee' ensures that this directory contains a</span>
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<span id="L81" class="LineNr"> 81 </span><span class="Comment">//: cleaned-up narrative of the evolution of this codebase. Organizing</span>
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<span id="L82" class="LineNr"> 82 </span><span class="Comment">//: autobiographically allows newcomers to rapidly orient themselves, reading</span>
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<span id="L83" class="LineNr"> 83 </span><span class="Comment">//: the first few files to understand a simple gestalt of a program's core</span>
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<span id="L84" class="LineNr"> 84 </span><span class="Comment">//: purpose and features, and later gradually working their way through other</span>
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<span id="L85" class="LineNr"> 85 </span><span class="Comment">//: features as the need arises.</span>
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<span id="L86" class="LineNr"> 86 </span><span class="Comment">//:</span>
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<span id="L87" class="LineNr"> 87 </span><span class="Comment">//: Programmers shouldn't need to understand everything about a program to</span>
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<span id="L88" class="LineNr"> 88 </span><span class="Comment">//: hack on it. But they shouldn't be prevented from a thorough understanding</span>
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<span id="L89" class="LineNr"> 89 </span><span class="Comment">//: of each aspect either. The goal of layers is to reward curiosity.</span>
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<span id="L90" class="LineNr"> 90 </span>
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<span id="L91" class="LineNr"> 91 </span><span class="Comment">// Includes</span>
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<span id="L92" class="LineNr"> 92 </span><span class="Comment">// End Includes</span>
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<span id="L93" class="LineNr"> 93 </span>
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<span id="L94" class="LineNr"> 94 </span><span class="Comment">// Types</span>
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<span id="L95" class="LineNr"> 95 </span><span class="Comment">// End Types</span>
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<span id="L96" class="LineNr"> 96 </span>
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<span id="L97" class="LineNr"> 97 </span><span class="Comment">// Function prototypes are auto-generated in the 'build*' scripts; define your</span>
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<span id="L98" class="LineNr"> 98 </span><span class="Comment">// functions in any order. Just be sure to declare each function header all on</span>
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<span id="L99" class="LineNr"> 99 </span><span class="Comment">// one line, ending with the '{'. Our auto-generation scripts are too minimal</span>
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<span id="L100" class="LineNr">100 </span><span class="Comment">// and simple-minded to handle anything else.</span>
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<span id="L101" class="LineNr">101 </span><span class="Comment">#include "function_list" // by convention, files ending with '_list' are auto-generated</span>
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<span id="L102" class="LineNr">102 </span>
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<span id="L103" class="LineNr">103 </span><span class="Comment">// Globals</span>
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<span id="L104" class="LineNr">104 </span><span class="Comment">//</span>
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<span id="L105" class="LineNr">105 </span><span class="Comment">// All statements in this section should always define a single variable on a</span>
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<span id="L106" class="LineNr">106 </span><span class="Comment">// single line. The 'build*' scripts will simple-mindedly auto-generate extern</span>
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<span id="L107" class="LineNr">107 </span><span class="Comment">// declarations for them. Remember to define (not just declare) constants with</span>
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<span id="L108" class="LineNr">108 </span><span class="Comment">// extern linkage in this section, since C++ global constants have internal</span>
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<span id="L109" class="LineNr">109 </span><span class="Comment">// linkage by default.</span>
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<span id="L110" class="LineNr">110 </span><span class="Comment">//</span>
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<span id="L111" class="LineNr">111 </span><span class="Comment">// End Globals</span>
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<span id="L112" class="LineNr">112 </span>
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<span id="L113" class="LineNr">113 </span><span class="Normal">int</span> <a href='000organization.cc.html#L113'>main</a><span class="Delimiter">(</span><span class="Normal">int</span> argc<span class="Delimiter">,</span> <span class="Normal">char</span>* argv[]<span class="Delimiter">)</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
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<span id="L114" class="LineNr">114 </span> atexit<span class="Delimiter">(</span><a href='000organization.cc.html#L134'>reset</a><span class="Delimiter">);</span>
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<span id="L115" class="LineNr">115 </span>
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<span id="L116" class="LineNr">116 </span> <span class="Comment">// End One-time Setup</span>
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<span id="L117" class="LineNr">117 </span>
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<span id="L118" class="LineNr">118 </span> <span class="Comment">// Commandline Parsing</span>
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<span id="L119" class="LineNr">119 </span> <span class="Comment">// End Commandline Parsing</span>
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<span id="L120" class="LineNr">120 </span>
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<span id="L121" class="LineNr">121 </span> <span class="Identifier">return</span> <span class="Constant">0</span><span class="Delimiter">;</span> <span class="Comment">// End Main</span>
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<span id="L122" class="LineNr">122 </span><span class="Delimiter">}</span>
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<span id="L123" class="LineNr">123 </span>
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<span id="L124" class="LineNr">124 </span><span class="Comment">// Unit Tests</span>
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<span id="L125" class="LineNr">125 </span><span class="Comment">// End Unit Tests</span>
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<span id="L126" class="LineNr">126 </span>
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<span id="L127" class="LineNr">127 </span><span class="Comment">//: our first directive; insert the following header at the start of the program</span>
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<span id="L128" class="LineNr">128 </span><span class="Delimiter">:(before "End Includes")</span>
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<span id="L129" class="LineNr">129 </span><span class="Comment">#include <stdlib.h></span>
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<span id="L130" class="LineNr">130 </span>
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<span id="L131" class="LineNr">131 </span><span class="Comment">//: Without directives or with the :(code) directive, lines get added at the</span>
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<span id="L132" class="LineNr">132 </span><span class="Comment">//: end.</span>
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<span id="L133" class="LineNr">133 </span><span class="Delimiter">:(code)</span>
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<span id="L134" class="LineNr">134 </span><span class="Normal">void</span> <a href='000organization.cc.html#L134'>reset</a><span class="Delimiter">()</span> <span class="Delimiter">{</span>
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<span id="L135" class="LineNr">135 </span> <span class="Comment">// End Reset</span>
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<span id="L136" class="LineNr">136 </span><span class="Delimiter">}</span>
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