new fork of Lua 5.1

https://www.lua.org

COPYRIGHT.md

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+Lua License
+-----------
+
+Lua is licensed under the terms of the MIT license reproduced below.
+This means that Lua is free software and can be used for both academic
+and commercial purposes at absolutely no cost.
+
+For details and rationale, see http://www.lua.org/license.html .
+
+===============================================================================
+
+Copyright (C) 1994-2012 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+
+===============================================================================

HISTORY

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+HISTORY for Lua 5.1
+
+* Changes from version 5.0 to 5.1
+  -------------------------------
+  Language:
+  + new module system.
+  + new semantics for control variables of fors.
+  + new semantics for setn/getn.
+  + new syntax/semantics for varargs.
+  + new long strings and comments.
+  + new `mod' operator (`%')
+  + new length operator #t
+  + metatables for all types
+  API:
+  + new functions: lua_createtable, lua_get(set)field, lua_push(to)integer.
+  + user supplies memory allocator (lua_open becomes lua_newstate).
+  + luaopen_* functions must be called through Lua.
+  Implementation:
+  + new configuration scheme via luaconf.h.
+  + incremental garbage collection.
+  + better handling of end-of-line in the lexer.
+  + fully reentrant parser (new Lua function `load')
+  + better support for 64-bit machines.
+  + native loadlib support for Mac OS X.
+  + standard distribution in only one library (lualib.a merged into lua.a)
+
+* Changes from version 4.0 to 5.0
+  -------------------------------
+  Language:
+  + lexical scoping.
+  + Lua coroutines.
+  + standard libraries now packaged in tables.
+  + tags replaced by metatables and tag methods replaced by metamethods,
+    stored in metatables.
+  + proper tail calls.
+  + each function can have its own global table, which can be shared.
+  + new __newindex metamethod, called when we insert a new key into a table.
+  + new block comments: --[[ ... ]].
+  + new generic for.
+  + new weak tables.
+  + new boolean type.
+  + new syntax "local function".
+  + (f()) returns the first value returned by f.
+  + {f()} fills a table with all values returned by f.
+  + \n ignored in [[\n .
+  + fixed and-or priorities.
+  + more general syntax for function definition (e.g. function a.x.y:f()...end).
+  + more general syntax for function calls (e.g. (print or write)(9)).
+  + new functions (time/date, tmpfile, unpack, require, load*, etc.).
+  API:
+  + chunks are loaded by using lua_load; new luaL_loadfile and luaL_loadbuffer.
+  + introduced lightweight userdata, a simple "void*" without a metatable.
+  + new error handling protocol: the core no longer prints error messages;
+    all errors are reported to the caller on the stack.
+  + new lua_atpanic for host cleanup.
+  + new, signal-safe, hook scheme.
+  Implementation:
+  + new license: MIT.
+  + new, faster, register-based virtual machine.
+  + support for external multithreading and coroutines.
+  + new and consistent error message format.
+  + the core no longer needs "stdio.h" for anything (except for a single
+    use of sprintf to convert numbers to strings).
+  + lua.c now runs the environment variable LUA_INIT, if present. It can
+    be "@filename", to run a file, or the chunk itself.
+  + support for user extensions in lua.c.
+    sample implementation given for command line editing.
+  + new dynamic loading library, active by default on several platforms.
+  + safe garbage-collector metamethods.
+  + precompiled bytecodes checked for integrity (secure binary dostring).
+  + strings are fully aligned.
+  + position capture in string.find.
+  + read('*l') can read lines with embedded zeros.
+
+* Changes from version 3.2 to 4.0
+  -------------------------------
+  Language:
+  + new "break" and "for" statements (both numerical and for tables).
+  + uniform treatment of globals: globals are now stored in a Lua table.
+  + improved error messages.
+  + no more '$debug': full speed *and* full debug information.
+  + new read form: read(N) for next N bytes.
+  + general read patterns now deprecated.
+    (still available with -DCOMPAT_READPATTERNS.)
+  + all return values are passed as arguments for the last function
+    (old semantics still available with -DLUA_COMPAT_ARGRET)
+  + garbage collection tag methods for tables now deprecated.
+  + there is now only one tag method for order.
+  API:
+  + New API: fully re-entrant, simpler, and more efficient.
+  + New debug API.
+  Implementation:
+  + faster than ever: cleaner virtual machine and new hashing algorithm.
+  + non-recursive garbage-collector algorithm.
+  + reduced memory usage for programs with many strings.
+  + improved treatment for memory allocation errors.
+  + improved support for 16-bit machines (we hope).
+  + code now compiles unmodified as both ANSI C and C++.
+  + numbers in bases other than 10 are converted using strtoul.
+  + new -f option in Lua to support #! scripts.
+  + luac can now combine text and binaries.
+
+* Changes from version 3.1 to 3.2
+  -------------------------------
+  + redirected all output in Lua's core to _ERRORMESSAGE and _ALERT.
+  + increased limit on the number of constants and globals per function
+    (from 2^16 to 2^24).
+  + debugging info (lua_debug and hooks) moved into lua_state and new API
+    functions provided to get and set this info.
+  + new debug lib gives full debugging access within Lua.
+  + new table functions "foreachi", "sort", "tinsert", "tremove", "getn".
+  + new io functions "flush", "seek".
+
+* Changes from version 3.0 to 3.1
+  -------------------------------
+  + NEW FEATURE: anonymous functions with closures (via "upvalues").
+  + new syntax:
+    - local variables in chunks.
+    - better scope control with DO block END.
+    - constructors can now be also written: { record-part; list-part }.
+    - more general syntax for function calls and lvalues, e.g.:
+      f(x).y=1
+      o:f(x,y):g(z)
+      f"string" is sugar for f("string")
+  + strings may now contain arbitrary binary data (e.g., embedded zeros).
+  + major code re-organization and clean-up; reduced module interdependecies.
+  + no arbitrary limits on the total number of constants and globals.
+  + support for multiple global contexts.
+  + better syntax error messages.
+  + new traversal functions "foreach" and "foreachvar".
+  + the default for numbers is now double.
+    changing it to use floats or longs is easy.
+  + complete debug information stored in pre-compiled chunks.
+  + sample interpreter now prompts user when run interactively, and also
+    handles control-C interruptions gracefully.
+
+* Changes from version 2.5 to 3.0
+  -------------------------------
+  + NEW CONCEPT: "tag methods".
+    Tag methods replace fallbacks as the meta-mechanism for extending the
+    semantics of Lua. Whereas fallbacks had a global nature, tag methods
+    work on objects having the same tag (e.g., groups of tables).
+    Existing code that uses fallbacks should work without change.
+  + new, general syntax for constructors {[exp] = exp, ... }.
+  + support for handling variable number of arguments in functions (varargs).
+  + support for conditional compilation ($if ... $else ... $end).
+  + cleaner semantics in API simplifies host code.
+  + better support for writing libraries (auxlib.h).
+  + better type checking and error messages in the standard library.
+  + luac can now also undump.
+
+* Changes from version 2.4 to 2.5
+  -------------------------------
+  + io and string libraries are now based on pattern matching;
+    the old libraries are still available for compatibility
+  + dofile and dostring can now return values (via return statement)
+  + better support for 16- and 64-bit machines
+  + expanded documentation, with more examples
+
+* Changes from version 2.2 to 2.4
+  -------------------------------
+  + external compiler creates portable binary files that can be loaded faster
+  + interface for debugging and profiling
+  + new "getglobal" fallback
+  + new functions for handling references to Lua objects
+  + new functions in standard lib
+  + only one copy of each string is stored
+  + expanded documentation, with more examples
+
+* Changes from version 2.1 to 2.2
+  -------------------------------
+  + functions now may be declared with any "lvalue" as a name
+  + garbage collection of functions
+  + support for pipes
+
+* Changes from version 1.1 to 2.1
+  -------------------------------
+  + object-oriented support
+  + fallbacks
+  + simplified syntax for tables
+  + many internal improvements
+
+(end of HISTORY)

INSTALL

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+INSTALL for Lua 5.1
+
+* Building Lua
+  ------------
+  Lua is built in the src directory, but the build process can be
+  controlled from the top-level Makefile.
+
+  Building Lua on Unix systems should be very easy. First do "make" and
+  see if your platform is listed. If so, just do "make xxx", where xxx
+  is your platform name. The platforms currently supported are:
+    aix ansi bsd freebsd generic linux macosx mingw posix solaris
+
+  If your platform is not listed, try the closest one or posix, generic,
+  ansi, in this order.
+
+  See below for customization instructions and for instructions on how
+  to build with other Windows compilers.
+
+  If you want to check that Lua has been built correctly, do "make test"
+  after building Lua. Also, have a look at the example programs in test.
+
+* Installing Lua
+  --------------
+  Once you have built Lua, you may want to install it in an official
+  place in your system. In this case, do "make install". The official
+  place and the way to install files are defined in Makefile. You must
+  have the right permissions to install files.
+
+  If you want to build and install Lua in one step, do "make xxx install",
+  where xxx is your platform name.
+
+  If you want to install Lua locally, then do "make local". This will
+  create directories bin, include, lib, man, and install Lua there as
+  follows:
+
+    bin:	lua luac
+    include:	lua.h luaconf.h lualib.h lauxlib.h lua.hpp
+    lib:	liblua.a
+    man/man1:	lua.1 luac.1
+
+  These are the only directories you need for development.
+
+  There are man pages for lua and luac, in both nroff and html, and a
+  reference manual in html in doc, some sample code in test, and some
+  useful stuff in etc. You don't need these directories for development.
+
+  If you want to install Lua locally, but in some other directory, do
+  "make install INSTALL_TOP=xxx", where xxx is your chosen directory.
+
+  See below for instructions for Windows and other systems.
+
+* Customization
+  -------------
+  Three things can be customized by editing a file:
+    - Where and how to install Lua -- edit Makefile.
+    - How to build Lua -- edit src/Makefile.
+    - Lua features -- edit src/luaconf.h.
+
+  You don't actually need to edit the Makefiles because you may set the
+  relevant variables when invoking make.
+
+  On the other hand, if you need to select some Lua features, you'll need
+  to edit src/luaconf.h. The edited file will be the one installed, and
+  it will be used by any Lua clients that you build, to ensure consistency.
+
+  We strongly recommend that you enable dynamic loading. This is done
+  automatically for all platforms listed above that have this feature
+  (and also Windows). See src/luaconf.h and also src/Makefile.
+
+* Building Lua on Windows and other systems
+  -----------------------------------------
+  If you're not using the usual Unix tools, then the instructions for
+  building Lua depend on the compiler you use. You'll need to create
+  projects (or whatever your compiler uses) for building the library,
+  the interpreter, and the compiler, as follows:
+
+  library:	lapi.c lcode.c ldebug.c ldo.c ldump.c lfunc.c lgc.c llex.c
+		lmem.c lobject.c lopcodes.c lparser.c lstate.c lstring.c
+		ltable.c ltm.c lundump.c lvm.c lzio.c
+		lauxlib.c lbaselib.c ldblib.c liolib.c lmathlib.c loslib.c
+		ltablib.c lstrlib.c loadlib.c linit.c
+
+  interpreter:	library, lua.c
+
+  compiler:	library, luac.c print.c
+
+  If you use Visual Studio .NET, you can use etc/luavs.bat in its
+  "Command Prompt".
+
+  If all you want is to build the Lua interpreter, you may put all .c files
+  in a single project, except for luac.c and print.c. Or just use etc/all.c.
+
+  To use Lua as a library in your own programs, you'll need to know how to
+  create and use libraries with your compiler.
+
+  As mentioned above, you may edit luaconf.h to select some features before
+  building Lua.
+
+(end of INSTALL)

Makefile

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+# makefile for installing Lua
+# see INSTALL for installation instructions
+# see src/Makefile and src/luaconf.h for further customization
+
+# == CHANGE THE SETTINGS BELOW TO SUIT YOUR ENVIRONMENT =======================
+
+# Your platform. See PLATS for possible values.
+PLAT= none
+
+# Where to install. The installation starts in the src and doc directories,
+# so take care if INSTALL_TOP is not an absolute path.
+INSTALL_TOP= /usr/local
+INSTALL_BIN= $(INSTALL_TOP)/bin
+INSTALL_INC= $(INSTALL_TOP)/include
+INSTALL_LIB= $(INSTALL_TOP)/lib
+INSTALL_MAN= $(INSTALL_TOP)/man/man1
+#
+# You probably want to make INSTALL_LMOD and INSTALL_CMOD consistent with
+# LUA_ROOT, LUA_LDIR, and LUA_CDIR in luaconf.h (and also with etc/lua.pc).
+INSTALL_LMOD= $(INSTALL_TOP)/share/lua/$V
+INSTALL_CMOD= $(INSTALL_TOP)/lib/lua/$V
+
+# How to install. If your install program does not support "-p", then you
+# may have to run ranlib on the installed liblua.a (do "make ranlib").
+INSTALL= install -p
+INSTALL_EXEC= $(INSTALL) -m 0755
+INSTALL_DATA= $(INSTALL) -m 0644
+#
+# If you don't have install you can use cp instead.
+# INSTALL= cp -p
+# INSTALL_EXEC= $(INSTALL)
+# INSTALL_DATA= $(INSTALL)
+
+# Utilities.
+MKDIR= mkdir -p
+RANLIB= ranlib
+
+# == END OF USER SETTINGS. NO NEED TO CHANGE ANYTHING BELOW THIS LINE =========
+
+# Convenience platforms targets.
+PLATS= aix ansi bsd freebsd generic linux macosx mingw posix solaris
+
+# What to install.
+TO_BIN= lua luac
+TO_INC= lua.h luaconf.h lualib.h lauxlib.h ../etc/lua.hpp
+TO_LIB= liblua.a
+TO_MAN= lua.1 luac.1
+
+# Lua version and release.
+V= 5.1
+R= 5.1.5
+
+all:	$(PLAT)
+
+$(PLATS) clean:
+	cd src && $(MAKE) $@
+
+test:	dummy
+	src/lua test/hello.lua
+
+install: dummy
+	cd src && $(MKDIR) $(INSTALL_BIN) $(INSTALL_INC) $(INSTALL_LIB) $(INSTALL_MAN) $(INSTALL_LMOD) $(INSTALL_CMOD)
+	cd src && $(INSTALL_EXEC) $(TO_BIN) $(INSTALL_BIN)
+	cd src && $(INSTALL_DATA) $(TO_INC) $(INSTALL_INC)
+	cd src && $(INSTALL_DATA) $(TO_LIB) $(INSTALL_LIB)
+	cd doc && $(INSTALL_DATA) $(TO_MAN) $(INSTALL_MAN)
+
+ranlib:
+	cd src && cd $(INSTALL_LIB) && $(RANLIB) $(TO_LIB)
+
+local:
+	$(MAKE) install INSTALL_TOP=..
+
+none:
+	@echo "Please do"
+	@echo "   make PLATFORM"
+	@echo "where PLATFORM is one of these:"
+	@echo "   $(PLATS)"
+	@echo "See INSTALL for complete instructions."
+
+# make may get confused with test/ and INSTALL in a case-insensitive OS
+dummy:
+
+# echo config parameters
+echo:
+	@echo ""
+	@echo "These are the parameters currently set in src/Makefile to build Lua $R:"
+	@echo ""
+	@cd src && $(MAKE) -s echo
+	@echo ""
+	@echo "These are the parameters currently set in Makefile to install Lua $R:"
+	@echo ""
+	@echo "PLAT = $(PLAT)"
+	@echo "INSTALL_TOP = $(INSTALL_TOP)"
+	@echo "INSTALL_BIN = $(INSTALL_BIN)"
+	@echo "INSTALL_INC = $(INSTALL_INC)"
+	@echo "INSTALL_LIB = $(INSTALL_LIB)"
+	@echo "INSTALL_MAN = $(INSTALL_MAN)"
+	@echo "INSTALL_LMOD = $(INSTALL_LMOD)"
+	@echo "INSTALL_CMOD = $(INSTALL_CMOD)"
+	@echo "INSTALL_EXEC = $(INSTALL_EXEC)"
+	@echo "INSTALL_DATA = $(INSTALL_DATA)"
+	@echo ""
+	@echo "See also src/luaconf.h ."
+	@echo ""
+
+# echo private config parameters
+pecho:
+	@echo "V = $(V)"
+	@echo "R = $(R)"
+	@echo "TO_BIN = $(TO_BIN)"
+	@echo "TO_INC = $(TO_INC)"
+	@echo "TO_LIB = $(TO_LIB)"
+	@echo "TO_MAN = $(TO_MAN)"
+
+# echo config parameters as Lua code
+# uncomment the last sed expression if you want nil instead of empty strings
+lecho:
+	@echo "-- installation parameters for Lua $R"
+	@echo "VERSION = '$V'"
+	@echo "RELEASE = '$R'"
+	@$(MAKE) echo | grep = | sed -e 's/= /= "/' -e 's/$$/"/' #-e 's/""/nil/'
+	@echo "-- EOF"
+
+# list targets that do not create files (but not all makes understand .PHONY)
+.PHONY: all $(PLATS) clean test install local none dummy echo pecho lecho
+
+# (end of Makefile)

README.md

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+# Cataract - an environment for end-user programming in Lua 5.1
+
+"Enable all people to modify the software they use in the course of using it."
+-- https://futureofcoding.org/episodes/033.html
+
+"What if we, and all computer users, could reach in and modify our favorite apps?"
+-- https://www.inkandswitch.com/end-user-programming
+
+"Software must be as easy to change as it is to use it"
+-- https://malleable.systems
+
+# README for Lua 5.1
+
+* What is Lua?
+  ------------
+  Lua is a powerful, light-weight programming language designed for extending
+  applications. Lua is also frequently used as a general-purpose, stand-alone
+  language. Lua is free software.
+
+  For complete information, visit Lua's web site at http://www.lua.org/ .
+  For an executive summary, see http://www.lua.org/about.html .
+
+  Lua has been used in many different projects around the world.
+  For a short list, see http://www.lua.org/uses.html .
+
+* Availability
+  ------------
+  Lua is freely available for both academic and commercial purposes.
+  See COPYRIGHT and http://www.lua.org/license.html for details.
+  Lua can be downloaded at http://www.lua.org/download.html .
+
+* Installation
+  ------------
+  Lua is implemented in pure ANSI C, and compiles unmodified in all known
+  platforms that have an ANSI C compiler. In most Unix-like platforms, simply
+  do "make" with a suitable target. See INSTALL for detailed instructions.
+
+* Origin
+  ------
+  Lua is developed at Lua.org, a laboratory of the Department of Computer
+  Science of PUC-Rio (the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro
+  in Brazil).
+  For more information about the authors, see http://www.lua.org/authors.html .

doc/contents.html

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+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE>Lua 5.1 Reference Manual - contents</TITLE>
+<LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="lua.css">
+<META HTTP-EQUIV="content-type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=utf-8">
+<STYLE TYPE="text/css">
+ul {
+	list-style-type: none ;
+}
+</STYLE>
+</HEAD>
+
+<BODY>
+
+<HR>
+<H1>
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/"><IMG SRC="logo.gif" ALT="" BORDER=0></A>
+Lua 5.1 Reference Manual
+</H1>
+
+<P>
+The reference manual is the official definition of the Lua language.
+For a complete introduction to Lua programming, see the book
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/docs.html#pil">Programming in Lua</A>.
+
+<P>
+This manual is also available as a book:
+<BLOCKQUOTE>
+<A HREF="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/8590379833/lua-indexmanual-20">
+<IMG SRC="cover.png" ALT="" TITLE="buy from Amazon" BORDER=1 ALIGN="left" HSPACE=12>
+</A>
+<B>Lua 5.1 Reference Manual</B>
+<BR>by R. Ierusalimschy, L. H. de Figueiredo, W. Celes
+<BR>Lua.org, August 2006
+<BR>ISBN 85-903798-3-3
+<BR CLEAR="all">
+</BLOCKQUOTE>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/8590379833/lua-indexmanual-20">Buy a copy</A>
+of this book and
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/donations.html">help to support</A>
+the Lua project.
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html">start</A>
+&middot;
+<A HREF="#contents">contents</A>
+&middot;
+<A HREF="#index">index</A>
+&middot;
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/manual/">other versions</A>
+<HR>
+<SMALL>
+Copyright &copy; 2006&ndash;2012 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
+Freely available under the terms of the
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/license.html">Lua license</A>.
+</SMALL>
+
+<H2><A NAME="contents">Contents</A></H2>
+<UL style="padding: 0">
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html">1 &ndash; Introduction</A>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2">2 &ndash; The Language</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.1">2.1 &ndash; Lexical Conventions</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.2">2.2 &ndash; Values and Types</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.2.1">2.2.1 &ndash; Coercion</A>
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.3">2.3 &ndash; Variables</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4">2.4 &ndash; Statements</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4.1">2.4.1 &ndash; Chunks</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4.2">2.4.2 &ndash; Blocks</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4.3">2.4.3 &ndash; Assignment</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4.4">2.4.4 &ndash; Control Structures</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4.5">2.4.5 &ndash; For Statement</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4.6">2.4.6 &ndash; Function Calls as Statements</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4.7">2.4.7 &ndash; Local Declarations</A>
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5">2.5 &ndash; Expressions</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.1">2.5.1 &ndash; Arithmetic Operators</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.2">2.5.2 &ndash; Relational Operators</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.3">2.5.3 &ndash; Logical Operators</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.4">2.5.4 &ndash; Concatenation</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.5">2.5.5 &ndash; The Length Operator</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.6">2.5.6 &ndash; Precedence</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.7">2.5.7 &ndash; Table Constructors</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.8">2.5.8 &ndash; Function Calls</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.9">2.5.9 &ndash; Function Definitions</A>
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.6">2.6 &ndash; Visibility Rules</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.7">2.7 &ndash; Error Handling</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.8">2.8 &ndash; Metatables</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.9">2.9 &ndash; Environments</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.10">2.10 &ndash; Garbage Collection</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.10.1">2.10.1 &ndash; Garbage-Collection Metamethods</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.10.2">2.10.2 &ndash; Weak Tables</A>
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.11">2.11 &ndash; Coroutines</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3">3 &ndash; The Application Program Interface</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.1">3.1 &ndash; The Stack</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.2">3.2 &ndash; Stack Size</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3">3.3 &ndash; Pseudo-Indices</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4">3.4 &ndash; C Closures</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.5">3.5 &ndash; Registry</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.6">3.6 &ndash; Error Handling in C</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.7">3.7 &ndash; Functions and Types</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.8">3.8 &ndash; The Debug Interface</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4">4 &ndash; The Auxiliary Library</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.1">4.1 &ndash; Functions and Types</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5">5 &ndash; Standard Libraries</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.1">5.1 &ndash; Basic Functions</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.2">5.2 &ndash; Coroutine Manipulation</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.3">5.3 &ndash; Modules</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.4">5.4 &ndash; String Manipulation</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.4.1">5.4.1 &ndash; Patterns</A>
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.5">5.5 &ndash; Table Manipulation</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.6">5.6 &ndash; Mathematical Functions</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.7">5.7 &ndash; Input and Output Facilities</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.8">5.8 &ndash; Operating System Facilities</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.9">5.9 &ndash; The Debug Library</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6">6 &ndash; Lua Stand-alone</A>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#7">7 &ndash; Incompatibilities with the Previous Version</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#7.1">7.1 &ndash; Changes in the Language</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#7.2">7.2 &ndash; Changes in the Libraries</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#7.3">7.3 &ndash; Changes in the API</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#8">8 &ndash; The Complete Syntax of Lua</A>
+</UL>
+
+<H2><A NAME="index">Index</A></H2>
+<TABLE WIDTH="100%">
+<TR VALIGN="top">
+<TD>
+<H3><A NAME="functions">Lua functions</A></H3>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-_G">_G</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-_VERSION">_VERSION</A><BR>
+<P>
+
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-assert">assert</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-collectgarbage">collectgarbage</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-dofile">dofile</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-error">error</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-getfenv">getfenv</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-getmetatable">getmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-ipairs">ipairs</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-load">load</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-loadfile">loadfile</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-loadstring">loadstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-module">module</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-next">next</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-pairs">pairs</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-pcall">pcall</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-print">print</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-rawequal">rawequal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-rawget">rawget</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-rawset">rawset</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-require">require</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-select">select</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-setfenv">setfenv</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-setmetatable">setmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-tonumber">tonumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-tostring">tostring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-type">type</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-unpack">unpack</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-xpcall">xpcall</A><BR>
+<P>
+
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.create">coroutine.create</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.resume">coroutine.resume</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.running">coroutine.running</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.status">coroutine.status</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.wrap">coroutine.wrap</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.yield">coroutine.yield</A><BR>
+<P>
+
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.debug">debug.debug</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getfenv">debug.getfenv</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.gethook">debug.gethook</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getinfo">debug.getinfo</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getlocal">debug.getlocal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getmetatable">debug.getmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getregistry">debug.getregistry</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getupvalue">debug.getupvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.setfenv">debug.setfenv</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.sethook">debug.sethook</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.setlocal">debug.setlocal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.setmetatable">debug.setmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.setupvalue">debug.setupvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.traceback">debug.traceback</A><BR>
+
+</TD>
+<TD>
+<H3>&nbsp;</H3>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:close">file:close</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:flush">file:flush</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:lines">file:lines</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:read">file:read</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:seek">file:seek</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:setvbuf">file:setvbuf</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:write">file:write</A><BR>
+<P>
+
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.close">io.close</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.flush">io.flush</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.input">io.input</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.lines">io.lines</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.open">io.open</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.output">io.output</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.popen">io.popen</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.read">io.read</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.stderr">io.stderr</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.stdin">io.stdin</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.stdout">io.stdout</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.tmpfile">io.tmpfile</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.type">io.type</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.write">io.write</A><BR>
+<P>
+
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.abs">math.abs</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.acos">math.acos</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.asin">math.asin</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.atan">math.atan</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.atan2">math.atan2</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.ceil">math.ceil</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.cos">math.cos</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.cosh">math.cosh</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.deg">math.deg</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.exp">math.exp</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.floor">math.floor</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.fmod">math.fmod</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.frexp">math.frexp</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.huge">math.huge</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.ldexp">math.ldexp</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.log">math.log</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.log10">math.log10</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.max">math.max</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.min">math.min</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.modf">math.modf</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.pi">math.pi</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.pow">math.pow</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.rad">math.rad</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.random">math.random</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.randomseed">math.randomseed</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.sin">math.sin</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.sinh">math.sinh</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.sqrt">math.sqrt</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.tan">math.tan</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.tanh">math.tanh</A><BR>
+<P>
+
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.clock">os.clock</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.date">os.date</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.difftime">os.difftime</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.execute">os.execute</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.exit">os.exit</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.getenv">os.getenv</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.remove">os.remove</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.rename">os.rename</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.setlocale">os.setlocale</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.time">os.time</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.tmpname">os.tmpname</A><BR>
+<P>
+
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.cpath">package.cpath</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.loaded">package.loaded</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.loaders">package.loaders</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.loadlib">package.loadlib</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.path">package.path</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.preload">package.preload</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.seeall">package.seeall</A><BR>
+<P>
+
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.byte">string.byte</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.char">string.char</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.dump">string.dump</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.find">string.find</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.format">string.format</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.gmatch">string.gmatch</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.gsub">string.gsub</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.len">string.len</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.lower">string.lower</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.match">string.match</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.rep">string.rep</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.reverse">string.reverse</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.sub">string.sub</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.upper">string.upper</A><BR>
+<P>
+
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.concat">table.concat</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.insert">table.insert</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.maxn">table.maxn</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.remove">table.remove</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.sort">table.sort</A><BR>
+
+</TD>
+<TD>
+<H3>C API</H3>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Alloc">lua_Alloc</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_CFunction">lua_CFunction</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Debug">lua_Debug</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Hook">lua_Hook</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Integer">lua_Integer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Number">lua_Number</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Reader">lua_Reader</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_State">lua_State</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Writer">lua_Writer</A><BR>
+<P>
+
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_atpanic">lua_atpanic</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_call">lua_call</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_checkstack">lua_checkstack</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_close">lua_close</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_concat">lua_concat</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_cpcall">lua_cpcall</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_createtable">lua_createtable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_dump">lua_dump</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_equal">lua_equal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_error">lua_error</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gc">lua_gc</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getallocf">lua_getallocf</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getfenv">lua_getfenv</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getfield">lua_getfield</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getglobal">lua_getglobal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gethook">lua_gethook</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gethookcount">lua_gethookcount</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gethookmask">lua_gethookmask</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getinfo">lua_getinfo</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getlocal">lua_getlocal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getmetatable">lua_getmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getstack">lua_getstack</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gettable">lua_gettable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gettop">lua_gettop</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getupvalue">lua_getupvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_insert">lua_insert</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isboolean">lua_isboolean</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_iscfunction">lua_iscfunction</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isfunction">lua_isfunction</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_islightuserdata">lua_islightuserdata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isnil">lua_isnil</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isnone">lua_isnone</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isnoneornil">lua_isnoneornil</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isnumber">lua_isnumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isstring">lua_isstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_istable">lua_istable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isthread">lua_isthread</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isuserdata">lua_isuserdata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_lessthan">lua_lessthan</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_load">lua_load</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_newstate">lua_newstate</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_newtable">lua_newtable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_newthread">lua_newthread</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_newuserdata">lua_newuserdata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_next">lua_next</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_objlen">lua_objlen</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pcall">lua_pcall</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pop">lua_pop</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushboolean">lua_pushboolean</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushcclosure">lua_pushcclosure</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushcfunction">lua_pushcfunction</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushfstring">lua_pushfstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushinteger">lua_pushinteger</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushlightuserdata">lua_pushlightuserdata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushliteral">lua_pushliteral</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushlstring">lua_pushlstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushnil">lua_pushnil</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushnumber">lua_pushnumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushstring">lua_pushstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushthread">lua_pushthread</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushvalue">lua_pushvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushvfstring">lua_pushvfstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawequal">lua_rawequal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawget">lua_rawget</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawgeti">lua_rawgeti</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawset">lua_rawset</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawseti">lua_rawseti</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_register">lua_register</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_remove">lua_remove</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_replace">lua_replace</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_resume">lua_resume</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setallocf">lua_setallocf</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setfenv">lua_setfenv</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setfield">lua_setfield</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setglobal">lua_setglobal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_sethook">lua_sethook</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setlocal">lua_setlocal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setmetatable">lua_setmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_settable">lua_settable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_settop">lua_settop</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setupvalue">lua_setupvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_status">lua_status</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_toboolean">lua_toboolean</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tocfunction">lua_tocfunction</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tointeger">lua_tointeger</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tolstring">lua_tolstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tonumber">lua_tonumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_topointer">lua_topointer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tostring">lua_tostring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tothread">lua_tothread</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_touserdata">lua_touserdata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_type">lua_type</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_typename">lua_typename</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_upvalueindex">lua_upvalueindex</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_xmove">lua_xmove</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_yield">lua_yield</A><BR>
+
+</TD>
+<TD>
+<H3>auxiliary library</H3>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_Buffer">luaL_Buffer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_Reg">luaL_Reg</A><BR>
+<P>
+
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addchar">luaL_addchar</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addlstring">luaL_addlstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addsize">luaL_addsize</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addstring">luaL_addstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addvalue">luaL_addvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_argcheck">luaL_argcheck</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_argerror">luaL_argerror</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_buffinit">luaL_buffinit</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_callmeta">luaL_callmeta</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkany">luaL_checkany</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkint">luaL_checkint</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkinteger">luaL_checkinteger</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checklong">luaL_checklong</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checklstring">luaL_checklstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checknumber">luaL_checknumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkoption">luaL_checkoption</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkstack">luaL_checkstack</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkstring">luaL_checkstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checktype">luaL_checktype</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkudata">luaL_checkudata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_dofile">luaL_dofile</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_dostring">luaL_dostring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_error">luaL_error</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_getmetafield">luaL_getmetafield</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_getmetatable">luaL_getmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_gsub">luaL_gsub</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_loadbuffer">luaL_loadbuffer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_loadfile">luaL_loadfile</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_loadstring">luaL_loadstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_newmetatable">luaL_newmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_newstate">luaL_newstate</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_openlibs">luaL_openlibs</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optint">luaL_optint</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optinteger">luaL_optinteger</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optlong">luaL_optlong</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optlstring">luaL_optlstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optnumber">luaL_optnumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optstring">luaL_optstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_prepbuffer">luaL_prepbuffer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_pushresult">luaL_pushresult</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_ref">luaL_ref</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_register">luaL_register</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_typename">luaL_typename</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_typerror">luaL_typerror</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_unref">luaL_unref</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_where">luaL_where</A><BR>
+
+</TD>
+</TR>
+</TABLE>
+<P>
+
+<HR>
+<SMALL CLASS="footer">
+Last update:
+Mon Feb 13 18:53:32 BRST 2012
+</SMALL>
+<!--
+Last change: revised for Lua 5.1.5
+-->
+
+</BODY>
+</HTML>

doc/lua.1

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+.\" $Id: lua.man,v 1.11 2006/01/06 16:03:34 lhf Exp $
+.TH LUA 1 "$Date: 2006/01/06 16:03:34 $"
+.SH NAME
+lua \- Lua interpreter
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B lua
+[
+.I options
+]
+[
+.I script
+[
+.I args
+]
+]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B lua
+is the stand-alone Lua interpreter.
+It loads and executes Lua programs,
+either in textual source form or
+in precompiled binary form.
+(Precompiled binaries are output by
+.BR luac ,
+the Lua compiler.)
+.B lua
+can be used as a batch interpreter and also interactively.
+.LP
+The given
+.I options
+(see below)
+are executed and then
+the Lua program in file
+.I script
+is loaded and executed.
+The given
+.I args
+are available to
+.I script
+as strings in a global table named
+.BR arg .
+If these arguments contain spaces or other characters special to the shell,
+then they should be quoted
+(but note that the quotes will be removed by the shell).
+The arguments in
+.B arg
+start at 0,
+which contains the string
+.RI ' script '.
+The index of the last argument is stored in
+.BR arg.n .
+The arguments given in the command line before
+.IR script ,
+including the name of the interpreter,
+are available in negative indices in
+.BR arg .
+.LP
+At the very start,
+before even handling the command line,
+.B lua
+executes the contents of the environment variable
+.BR LUA_INIT ,
+if it is defined.
+If the value of
+.B LUA_INIT
+is of the form
+.RI '@ filename ',
+then
+.I filename
+is executed.
+Otherwise, the string is assumed to be a Lua statement and is executed.
+.LP
+Options start with
+.B '\-'
+and are described below.
+You can use
+.B "'\--'"
+to signal the end of options.
+.LP
+If no arguments are given,
+then
+.B "\-v \-i"
+is assumed when the standard input is a terminal;
+otherwise,
+.B "\-"
+is assumed.
+.LP
+In interactive mode,
+.B lua
+prompts the user,
+reads lines from the standard input,
+and executes them as they are read.
+If a line does not contain a complete statement,
+then a secondary prompt is displayed and
+lines are read until a complete statement is formed or
+a syntax error is found.
+So, one way to interrupt the reading of an incomplete statement is
+to force a syntax error:
+adding a
+.B ';' 
+in the middle of a statement is a sure way of forcing a syntax error
+(except inside multiline strings and comments; these must be closed explicitly).
+If a line starts with
+.BR '=' ,
+then
+.B lua
+displays the values of all the expressions in the remainder of the
+line. The expressions must be separated by commas.
+The primary prompt is the value of the global variable
+.BR _PROMPT ,
+if this value is a string;
+otherwise, the default prompt is used.
+Similarly, the secondary prompt is the value of the global variable
+.BR _PROMPT2 .
+So,
+to change the prompts,
+set the corresponding variable to a string of your choice.
+You can do that after calling the interpreter
+or on the command line
+(but in this case you have to be careful with quotes
+if the prompt string contains a space; otherwise you may confuse the shell.)
+The default prompts are "> " and ">> ".
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP
+.B \-
+load and execute the standard input as a file,
+that is,
+not interactively,
+even when the standard input is a terminal.
+.TP
+.BI \-e " stat"
+execute statement
+.IR stat .
+You need to quote
+.I stat 
+if it contains spaces, quotes,
+or other characters special to the shell.
+.TP
+.B \-i
+enter interactive mode after
+.I script
+is executed.
+.TP
+.BI \-l " name"
+call
+.BI require(' name ')
+before executing
+.IR script .
+Typically used to load libraries.
+.TP
+.B \-v
+show version information.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR luac (1)
+.br
+http://www.lua.org/
+.SH DIAGNOSTICS
+Error messages should be self explanatory.
+.SH AUTHORS
+R. Ierusalimschy,
+L. H. de Figueiredo,
+and
+W. Celes
+.\" EOF

doc/lua.css

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+body {
+	color: #000000 ;
+	background-color: #FFFFFF ;
+	font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif ;
+	text-align: justify ;
+	margin-right: 30px ;
+	margin-left: 30px ;
+}
+
+h1, h2, h3, h4 {
+	font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif ;
+	font-weight: normal ;
+	font-style: italic ;
+}
+
+h2 {
+	padding-top: 0.4em ;
+	padding-bottom: 0.4em ;
+	padding-left: 30px ;
+	padding-right: 30px ;
+	margin-left: -30px ;
+	background-color: #E0E0FF ;
+}
+
+h3 {
+	padding-left: 0.5em ;
+	border-left: solid #E0E0FF 1em ;
+}
+
+table h3 {
+	padding-left: 0px ;
+	border-left: none ;
+}
+
+a:link {
+	color: #000080 ;
+	background-color: inherit ;
+	text-decoration: none ;
+}
+
+a:visited {
+	background-color: inherit ;
+	text-decoration: none ;
+}
+
+a:link:hover, a:visited:hover {
+	color: #000080 ;
+	background-color: #E0E0FF ;
+}
+
+a:link:active, a:visited:active {
+	color: #FF0000 ;
+}
+
+hr {
+	border: 0 ;
+	height: 1px ;
+	color: #a0a0a0 ;
+	background-color: #a0a0a0 ;
+}
+
+:target {
+	background-color: #F8F8F8 ;
+	padding: 8px ;
+	border: solid #a0a0a0 2px ;
+}
+
+.footer {
+	color: gray ;
+	font-size: small ;
+}
+
+input[type=text] {
+	border: solid #a0a0a0 2px ;
+	border-radius: 2em ;
+	-moz-border-radius: 2em ;
+	background-image: url('images/search.png') ;
+	background-repeat: no-repeat;
+	background-position: 4px center ;
+	padding-left: 20px ;
+	height: 2em ;
+}
+

doc/lua.html

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+<!-- $Id: lua.man,v 1.11 2006/01/06 16:03:34 lhf Exp $ -->
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE>LUA man page</TITLE>
+<LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="lua.css">
+</HEAD>
+
+<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF">
+
+<H2>NAME</H2>
+lua - Lua interpreter
+<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2>
+<B>lua</B>
+[
+<I>options</I>
+]
+[
+<I>script</I>
+[
+<I>args</I>
+]
+]
+<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2>
+<B>lua</B>
+is the stand-alone Lua interpreter.
+It loads and executes Lua programs,
+either in textual source form or
+in precompiled binary form.
+(Precompiled binaries are output by
+<B>luac</B>,
+the Lua compiler.)
+<B>lua</B>
+can be used as a batch interpreter and also interactively.
+<P>
+The given
+<I>options</I>
+(see below)
+are executed and then
+the Lua program in file
+<I>script</I>
+is loaded and executed.
+The given
+<I>args</I>
+are available to
+<I>script</I>
+as strings in a global table named
+<B>arg</B>.
+If these arguments contain spaces or other characters special to the shell,
+then they should be quoted
+(but note that the quotes will be removed by the shell).
+The arguments in
+<B>arg</B>
+start at 0,
+which contains the string
+'<I>script</I>'.
+The index of the last argument is stored in
+<B>arg.n</B>.
+The arguments given in the command line before
+<I>script</I>,
+including the name of the interpreter,
+are available in negative indices in
+<B>arg</B>.
+<P>
+At the very start,
+before even handling the command line,
+<B>lua</B>
+executes the contents of the environment variable
+<B>LUA_INIT</B>,
+if it is defined.
+If the value of
+<B>LUA_INIT</B>
+is of the form
+'@<I>filename</I>',
+then
+<I>filename</I>
+is executed.
+Otherwise, the string is assumed to be a Lua statement and is executed.
+<P>
+Options start with
+<B>'-'</B>