diff --git a/src/AboutDialog.cpp b/src/AboutDialog.cpp
index 993b13b63..97db46fad 100644
--- a/src/AboutDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/AboutDialog.cpp
@@ -346,10 +346,10 @@ visit our [[http://forum.audacityteam.org/|forum]].");
 #endif
 
       /* i18n-hint: The Latin phrase, "In memory of" a deceased person, often untranslated in European languages */
-      wxT("<p><b>") + wxString::Format(_("In Memoriam")) + wxT("</b><br>") +
+      wxT("<p><b>") + _("In Memoriam") + wxT("</b><br>") +
       GetCreditsByRole(roleDeceased) +
 
-      wxT("<p><b>") + wxString::Format(_("Audacity Team Members")) + wxT("</b><br>") +
+      wxT("<p><b>") + _("Audacity Team Members") + wxT("</b><br>") +
       GetCreditsByRole(roleTeamMember) +
 
       wxT("<p><b> ") + _("Emeritus:") + wxT("</b><br>") +
diff --git a/src/Menus.cpp b/src/Menus.cpp
index 2d7f76d09..86b31a8ca 100644
--- a/src/Menus.cpp
+++ b/src/Menus.cpp
@@ -1123,7 +1123,7 @@ void AudacityProject::CreateMenusAndCommands()
             EffectManager::Get().GetEffectName(mLastEffect));
       }
       else
-         buildMenuLabel.Printf(_("Repeat Last Effect"));
+         buildMenuLabel = _("Repeat Last Effect");
 
 #ifdef EXPERIMENTAL_EFFECT_MANAGEMENT
       c->AddItem(wxT("ManageEffects"), _("Add / Remove Plug-ins..."), FN(OnManageEffects));
@@ -1937,7 +1937,7 @@ void AudacityProject::ModifyUndoMenuItems()
    }
    else {
       mCommandManager.Modify(wxT("Undo"),
-                             wxString::Format(_("&Undo")));
+                             _("&Undo"));
    }
 
    if (GetUndoManager()->RedoAvailable()) {
@@ -1949,7 +1949,7 @@ void AudacityProject::ModifyUndoMenuItems()
    }
    else {
       mCommandManager.Modify(wxT("Redo"),
-                             wxString::Format(_("&Redo")));
+                             _("&Redo"));
       mCommandManager.Enable(wxT("Redo"), false);
    }
 }
@@ -4602,13 +4602,13 @@ void AudacityProject::OnExportMIDI(){
    }
 
    if(numNoteTracksSelected > 1) {
-      AudacityMessageBox(wxString::Format(_(
-         "Please select only one Note Track at a time.")));
+      AudacityMessageBox(_(
+         "Please select only one Note Track at a time."));
       return;
    }
    else if(numNoteTracksSelected < 1) {
-      AudacityMessageBox(wxString::Format(_(
-         "Please select a Note Track.")));
+      AudacityMessageBox(_(
+         "Please select a Note Track."));
       return;
    }
 
diff --git a/src/Project.cpp b/src/Project.cpp
index 0d9cc6906..f791c502d 100644
--- a/src/Project.cpp
+++ b/src/Project.cpp
@@ -4920,7 +4920,7 @@ void AudacityProject::OnTimer(wxTimerEvent& WXUNUSED(event))
             ODManager::Instance()->SignalTaskQueueLoop();
 
 
-            msg.Printf(_("On-demand import and waveform calculation complete."));
+            msg = _("On-demand import and waveform calculation complete.");
             mStatusBar->SetStatusText(msg, mainStatusBarField);
 
          }
diff --git a/src/TimerRecordDialog.cpp b/src/TimerRecordDialog.cpp
index cecb06f9c..7fa4a8a9e 100644
--- a/src/TimerRecordDialog.cpp
+++ b/src/TimerRecordDialog.cpp
@@ -524,12 +524,12 @@ int TimerRecordDialog::RunWaitDialog()
 
       // Two column layout. Line spacing must match for both columns.
       // First column
-      wxString strMsg = wxString::Format(_("Recording start:\n") +
+      wxString strMsg = _("Recording start:\n") +
                                          _("Duration:\n") +
                                          _("Recording end:\n\n") +
                                          _("Automatic Save enabled:\n") +
                                          _("Automatic Export enabled:\n") +
-                                         _("Action after Timer Recording:"));
+                                         _("Action after Timer Recording:");
 
       strMsg += ProgressDialog::ColoumnSplitMarker;
 
@@ -1009,12 +1009,12 @@ ProgressResult TimerRecordDialog::WaitForStart()
 
    // Two column layout. Line spacing must match for both columns.
    // First column
-   wxString strMsg = wxString::Format(_("Waiting to start recording at:\n") +
+   wxString strMsg = _("Waiting to start recording at:\n") +
                                       _("Recording duration:\n") +
                                       _("Scheduled to stop at:\n\n") +
                                       _("Automatic Save enabled:\n") +
                                       _("Automatic Export enabled:\n") +
-                                      _("Action after Timer Recording:"));
+                                      _("Action after Timer Recording:");
 
    strMsg += ProgressDialog::ColoumnSplitMarker;
 
@@ -1054,10 +1054,10 @@ ProgressResult TimerRecordDialog::PreActionDelay(int iActionIndex, TimerRecordCo
 
    // Two column layout. Line spacing must match for both columns.
    // First column
-   wxString strMsg = wxString::Format(_("Timer Recording completed.\n\n") +
+   wxString strMsg = _("Timer Recording completed.\n\n") +
                                       _("Recording Saved:\n") +
                                       _("Recording Exported:\n") +
-                                      _("Action after Timer Recording:"));
+                                      _("Action after Timer Recording:");
 
    strMsg += ProgressDialog::ColoumnSplitMarker;
 
diff --git a/src/VoiceKey.cpp b/src/VoiceKey.cpp
index 1a77b1b14..d93021537 100644
--- a/src/VoiceKey.cpp
+++ b/src/VoiceKey.cpp
@@ -811,7 +811,7 @@ void VoiceKey::CalibrateNoise(const WaveTrack & t, sampleCount start, sampleCoun
    mDirectionChangesMean = sumdc / samples;
    mDirectionChangesSD =sqrt(sumdc2 / samples - mDirectionChangesMean * mDirectionChangesMean) ;
 
-   wxString text =   wxString::Format(_("Calibration Results\n"));
+   wxString text = _("Calibration Results\n");
    /* i18n-hint: %1.4f is replaced by a number.  sd stands for 'Standard Deviations'*/
    text +=           wxString::Format(_("Energy                  -- mean: %1.4f  sd: (%1.4f)\n"),mEnergyMean,mEnergySD);
    text+=            wxString::Format(_("Sign Changes        -- mean: %1.4f  sd: (%1.4f)\n"),mSignChangesMean,mSignChangesSD);
diff --git a/src/effects/AutoDuck.cpp b/src/effects/AutoDuck.cpp
index 3ed77cf0e..0ed865d58 100644
--- a/src/effects/AutoDuck.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/AutoDuck.cpp
@@ -685,7 +685,7 @@ void EffectAutoDuckPanel::OnPaint(wxPaintEvent & WXUNUSED(evt))
        duckAmountDb < MIN_DuckAmountDb         || duckAmountDb > MAX_DuckAmountDb)
    {
       // values are out of range, no preview available
-      wxString message = wxString::Format(_("Preview not available"));
+      wxString message = _("Preview not available");
       int textWidth = 0, textHeight = 0;
       dc.GetTextExtent(message, &textWidth, &textHeight);
       dc.DrawText(message, (clientWidth - textWidth) / 2,
diff --git a/src/effects/ClickRemoval.cpp b/src/effects/ClickRemoval.cpp
index aaec1782d..a7f55dcd5 100644
--- a/src/effects/ClickRemoval.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/ClickRemoval.cpp
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ bool EffectClickRemoval::Process()
    }
    if (bGoodResult && !mbDidSomething) // Processing successful, but ineffective.
       Effect::MessageBox(
-         wxString::Format(_("Algorithm not effective on this audio. Nothing changed.")),
+         _("Algorithm not effective on this audio. Nothing changed."),
          wxOK | wxICON_ERROR);
 
    this->ReplaceProcessedTracks(bGoodResult && mbDidSomething);
diff --git a/src/effects/Contrast.cpp b/src/effects/Contrast.cpp
index 383bd0d91..da6a5c2f0 100644
--- a/src/effects/Contrast.cpp
+++ b/src/effects/Contrast.cpp
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ namespace {
             return wxString::Format(_("%.2f dB RMS"), diffdB);
          else
             /* i18n-hint: dB abbreviates decibels */
-            return wxString::Format(_("Infinite dB difference"));
+            return _("Infinite dB difference");
       }
    }
 
@@ -463,27 +463,27 @@ void ContrastDialog::results()
    if (mForegroundIsDefined) {
       mForegroundRMSText->SetName(_("Measured foreground level"));   // Read by screen-readers
       if(std::isinf(- foregrounddB))
-         mForegroundRMSText->ChangeValue(wxString::Format(_("zero")));
+         mForegroundRMSText->ChangeValue(_("zero"));
       else
          mForegroundRMSText->ChangeValue(wxString::Format(_("%.2f dB"), foregrounddB));   // i18n-hint: short form of 'decibels'        
    }
    else {
       mForegroundRMSText->SetName(_("No foreground measured"));   // Read by screen-readers
       mForegroundRMSText->ChangeValue(wxT(""));
-      mPassFailText->ChangeValue(wxString::Format(_("Foreground not yet measured")));
+      mPassFailText->ChangeValue(_("Foreground not yet measured"));
    }
 
    if (mBackgroundIsDefined) {
       mBackgroundRMSText->SetName(_("Measured background level"));
       if(std::isinf(- backgrounddB))
-         mBackgroundRMSText->ChangeValue(wxString::Format(_("zero")));
+         mBackgroundRMSText->ChangeValue(_("zero"));
       else
          mBackgroundRMSText->ChangeValue(wxString::Format(_("%.2f dB"), backgrounddB));
    }
    else {
       mBackgroundRMSText->SetName(_("No background measured"));
       mBackgroundRMSText->ChangeValue(wxT(""));
-      mPassFailText->ChangeValue(wxString::Format(_("Background not yet measured")));
+      mPassFailText->ChangeValue(_("Background not yet measured"));
    }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/export/ExportFFmpeg.cpp b/src/export/ExportFFmpeg.cpp
index c2b7f9c92..7b182be09 100644
--- a/src/export/ExportFFmpeg.cpp
+++ b/src/export/ExportFFmpeg.cpp
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ bool ExportFFmpeg::Init(const char *shortname, AudacityProject *project, const T
    mEncFormatCtx.reset(avformat_alloc_context());
    if (!mEncFormatCtx)
    {
-      AudacityMessageBox(wxString::Format(_("FFmpeg : ERROR - Can't allocate output format context.")),
+      AudacityMessageBox(_("FFmpeg : ERROR - Can't allocate output format context."),
                    _("FFmpeg Error"), wxOK|wxCENTER|wxICON_EXCLAMATION);
       return false;
    }
@@ -546,8 +546,10 @@ bool ExportFFmpeg::InitCodecs(AudacityProject *project)
    mEncAudioFifoOutBuf.reset(static_cast<int16_t*>(av_malloc(mEncAudioFifoOutBufSiz)));
    if (!mEncAudioFifoOutBuf)
    {
-      AudacityMessageBox(wxString::Format(_("FFmpeg : ERROR - Can't allocate buffer to read into from audio FIFO.")),
-                   _("FFmpeg Error"), wxOK|wxCENTER|wxICON_EXCLAMATION);
+      AudacityMessageBox(
+         _("FFmpeg : ERROR - Can't allocate buffer to read into from audio FIFO."),
+         _("FFmpeg Error"), wxOK|wxCENTER|wxICON_EXCLAMATION
+      );
       return false;
    }
 
@@ -576,22 +578,28 @@ static int encode_audio(AVCodecContext *avctx, AVPacket *pkt, int16_t *audio_sam
       buffer_size = av_samples_get_buffer_size(NULL, avctx->channels, frame->nb_samples,
                                               avctx->sample_fmt, 0);
       if (buffer_size < 0) {
-         AudacityMessageBox(wxString::Format(_("FFmpeg : ERROR - Could not get sample buffer size")),
-                      _("FFmpeg Error"), wxOK|wxCENTER|wxICON_EXCLAMATION);
+         AudacityMessageBox(
+            _("FFmpeg : ERROR - Could not get sample buffer size"),
+            _("FFmpeg Error"), wxOK|wxCENTER|wxICON_EXCLAMATION
+         );
          return buffer_size;
       }
       samples.reset(static_cast<uint8_t*>(av_malloc(buffer_size)));
       if (!samples) {
-         AudacityMessageBox(wxString::Format(_("FFmpeg : ERROR - Could not allocate bytes for samples buffer")),
-                      _("FFmpeg Error"), wxOK|wxCENTER|wxICON_EXCLAMATION);
+         AudacityMessageBox(
+            _("FFmpeg : ERROR - Could not allocate bytes for samples buffer"),
+            _("FFmpeg Error"), wxOK|wxCENTER|wxICON_EXCLAMATION
+         );
          return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
       }
       /* setup the data pointers in the AVFrame */
       ret = avcodec_fill_audio_frame(frame.get(), avctx->channels, avctx->sample_fmt,
                                   samples.get(), buffer_size, 0);
       if (ret < 0) {
-         AudacityMessageBox(wxString::Format(_("FFmpeg : ERROR - Could not setup audio frame")),
-                      _("FFmpeg Error"), wxOK|wxCENTER|wxICON_EXCLAMATION);
+         AudacityMessageBox(
+            _("FFmpeg : ERROR - Could not setup audio frame"),
+            _("FFmpeg Error"), wxOK|wxCENTER|wxICON_EXCLAMATION
+         );
          return ret;
       }
 
@@ -638,8 +646,10 @@ static int encode_audio(AVCodecContext *avctx, AVPacket *pkt, int16_t *audio_sam
 
    ret = avcodec_encode_audio2(avctx, pkt, frame.get(), &got_output);
    if (ret < 0) {
-      AudacityMessageBox(wxString::Format(_("FFmpeg : ERROR - encoding frame failed")),
-                   _("FFmpeg Error"), wxOK|wxCENTER|wxICON_EXCLAMATION);
+      AudacityMessageBox(
+         _("FFmpeg : ERROR - encoding frame failed"),
+         _("FFmpeg Error"), wxOK|wxCENTER|wxICON_EXCLAMATION
+      );
       return ret;
    }
 
@@ -664,8 +674,10 @@ bool ExportFFmpeg::Finalize()
          int nAudioFrameSizeOut = default_frame_size * mEncAudioCodecCtx->channels * sizeof(int16_t);
 
          if (nAudioFrameSizeOut > mEncAudioFifoOutBufSiz || nFifoBytes > mEncAudioFifoOutBufSiz) {
-            AudacityMessageBox(wxString::Format(_("FFmpeg : ERROR - Too much remaining data.")),
-               _("FFmpeg Error"), wxOK | wxCENTER | wxICON_EXCLAMATION);
+            AudacityMessageBox(
+               _("FFmpeg : ERROR - Too much remaining data."),
+               _("FFmpeg Error"), wxOK | wxCENTER | wxICON_EXCLAMATION
+            );
             return false;
          }
 
@@ -727,8 +739,10 @@ bool ExportFFmpeg::Finalize()
 
          if (av_interleaved_write_frame(mEncFormatCtx.get(), &pkt) != 0)
          {
-            AudacityMessageBox(wxString::Format(_("FFmpeg : ERROR - Couldn't write last audio frame to output file.")),
-               _("FFmpeg Error"), wxOK | wxCENTER | wxICON_EXCLAMATION);
+            AudacityMessageBox(
+               _("FFmpeg : ERROR - Couldn't write last audio frame to output file."),
+               _("FFmpeg Error"), wxOK | wxCENTER | wxICON_EXCLAMATION
+            );
             break;
          }
       }
@@ -777,8 +791,10 @@ bool ExportFFmpeg::EncodeAudioFrame(int16_t *pFrame, size_t frameSize)
       return false;
 
    if (nAudioFrameSizeOut > mEncAudioFifoOutBufSiz) {
-      AudacityMessageBox(wxString::Format(_("FFmpeg : ERROR - nAudioFrameSizeOut too large.")),
-                   _("FFmpeg Error"), wxOK|wxCENTER|wxICON_EXCLAMATION);
+      AudacityMessageBox(
+         _("FFmpeg : ERROR - nAudioFrameSizeOut too large."),
+         _("FFmpeg Error"), wxOK|wxCENTER|wxICON_EXCLAMATION
+      );
       return false;
    }
 
@@ -795,8 +811,10 @@ bool ExportFFmpeg::EncodeAudioFrame(int16_t *pFrame, size_t frameSize)
          default_frame_size);
       if (ret < 0)
       {
-         AudacityMessageBox(wxString::Format(_("FFmpeg : ERROR - Can't encode audio frame.")),
-                      _("FFmpeg Error"), wxOK|wxCENTER|wxICON_EXCLAMATION);
+         AudacityMessageBox(
+            _("FFmpeg : ERROR - Can't encode audio frame."),
+            _("FFmpeg Error"), wxOK|wxCENTER|wxICON_EXCLAMATION
+         );
          return false;
       }
       if (ret == 0)
@@ -814,8 +832,10 @@ bool ExportFFmpeg::EncodeAudioFrame(int16_t *pFrame, size_t frameSize)
       // Write the encoded audio frame to the output file.
       if ((ret = av_interleaved_write_frame(mEncFormatCtx.get(), &pkt)) < 0)
       {
-         AudacityMessageBox(wxString::Format(_("FFmpeg : ERROR - Failed to write audio frame to file.")),
-                      _("FFmpeg Error"), wxOK|wxCENTER|wxICON_EXCLAMATION);
+         AudacityMessageBox(
+            _("FFmpeg : ERROR - Failed to write audio frame to file."),
+            _("FFmpeg Error"), wxOK|wxCENTER|wxICON_EXCLAMATION
+         );
          return false;
       }
    }
diff --git a/src/export/ExportMultiple.cpp b/src/export/ExportMultiple.cpp
index 631251b15..73b154b62 100644
--- a/src/export/ExportMultiple.cpp
+++ b/src/export/ExportMultiple.cpp
@@ -307,12 +307,12 @@ void ExportMultiple::PopulateOrExchange(ShuttleGui& S)
          // Row 1
          S.SetBorder(1);
          mTrack = S.Id(TrackID)
-            .AddRadioButton(wxString(_("Tracks")));
+            .AddRadioButton(_("Tracks"));
          mTrack->SetName(_("Tracks"));
 
          // Row 2
          S.SetBorder(1);
-         mLabel = S.Id(LabelID).AddRadioButtonToGroup(wxString(_("Labels")));
+         mLabel = S.Id(LabelID).AddRadioButtonToGroup(_("Labels"));
          mLabel->SetName(_("Labels"));
          S.SetBorder(3);
 
diff --git a/src/tracks/ui/TimeShiftHandle.cpp b/src/tracks/ui/TimeShiftHandle.cpp
index 5c2f5c457..93e3d37fb 100644
--- a/src/tracks/ui/TimeShiftHandle.cpp
+++ b/src/tracks/ui/TimeShiftHandle.cpp
@@ -875,7 +875,7 @@ UIHandle::Result TimeShiftHandle::Release
    wxString msg;
    bool consolidate;
    if (mDidSlideVertically) {
-      msg.Printf(_("Moved clips to another track"));
+      msg = _("Moved clips to another track");
       consolidate = false;
    }
    else {
diff --git a/src/widgets/Meter.cpp b/src/widgets/Meter.cpp
index 3061aa80f..c09e7f398 100644
--- a/src/widgets/Meter.cpp
+++ b/src/widgets/Meter.cpp
@@ -2235,11 +2235,11 @@ wxAccStatus MeterAx::GetName(int WXUNUSED(childId), wxString* name)
          // always retain the leading space. Therefore a space has
          // been added to ensure at least one space, and stop
          // words from being merged
-         *name += wxT(" ") + wxString::Format(_(" Monitoring "));
+         *name += wxT(" ") + _(" Monitoring ");
       }
       else if (m->mActive)
       {
-         *name += wxT(" ") + wxString::Format(_(" Active "));
+         *name += wxT(" ") + _(" Active ");
       }
 
       float peak = 0.;
@@ -2262,7 +2262,7 @@ wxAccStatus MeterAx::GetName(int WXUNUSED(childId), wxString* name)
 
       if (clipped)
       {
-         *name += wxT(" ") + wxString::Format(_(" Clipped "));
+         *name += wxT(" ") + _(" Clipped ");
       }
    }