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Luke Smith 2021-07-05 09:33:36 -04:00
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6
auth.html
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@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
<p>We will be using the command <code>htpasswd</code> to make username and password pairs.</p>
<pre><code>apt install apache2-utils</code></pre>
<aside>
<p>The apache utils has a small username-password pair encryption tool.</p>
<p>Like the other on this site, this tutorial is for Nginx, <strong>not</strong> for Apache servers.</p>
<p>The apache utils include a small username-password pair encryption tool.</p>
<p>Like the other tutorials on this site, this tutorial is for Nginx, <strong>not</strong> for Apache servers.</p>
</aside>
<p>
@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
<p>If you want to check both a username and password with an ip address, use the <code>satisfy</code> directive.</p>
<pre><code>location /api {
#...
satify all ;
satisfy all ;
allow 192.168.1.23:8080 ;
deny 127.0.0.1 ;

4
bat.html
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@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
</p>
<p>
You can receive these donations in BAT itself, or in another cryptocurreny of your choosing.
You can receive these donations in BAT itself, or in another cryptocurrency of your choosing.
</p>
<h3>Explanation of the BAT system</h3>
<p>
@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
<h3>Why you might <em>not</em> want to enroll...</h3>
<p>
Unlike <a href="bitcoin.html">Bitcoin</a> and <a href="monero.html">Monero</a>, BAT is a token organized by a company, and as such, it has to comply with know-your-customer regulations.
What that means for you is that to get a payout in BAT, you must have an custodial cryptocurrency wallet with either Gemini or Uphold, the two services they are interfaced with.
What that means for you is that to get a payout in BAT, you must have a custodial cryptocurrency wallet with either Gemini or Uphold, the two services they are interfaced with.
You can move your payouts elsewhere when you want, but those sites require real-world identification.
</p>
<p>

4
bitcoin.html
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@ -75,7 +75,7 @@
In fact, as you use these up, the wallet will automatically add more.
</p>
<p>
These addresses (which will all be generated with <code>bc1</code> at the beginning can be used by others to send you Bitcoins.
These addresses (which will all be generated with <code>bc1</code> at the beginning) can be used by others to send you Bitcoins.
Someone can just copy-and-paste the address into their wallet to send you funds.
</p>
<img src="pix/bitcoin-03.png" alt="bitcoin addresses">
@ -88,7 +88,7 @@
<h4>What is the QR code for?</h4>
<p>
In case you don't know, a QR code is a way of storing text information in a format that can be scanned by a phone.
If someone has a wallet program on a phone, then can easily scan the QR code on another screen to avoid having to copy your address over or even worse, write it manually.
If someone has a wallet program on a phone, they can easily scan the QR code on another screen to avoid having to copy your address over or even worse, write it manually.
</p>
<h3>Let's receive donations on our website.</h3>
<p>

4
certbot.html
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@ -76,8 +76,8 @@ ufw allow 443</code></pre>
<img src=pix/certbot-01.png>
<p>
It will take a moment to create the certiticate, but afterwards, you will be asked if you want to automatically redirect all connections to be encrypted.
Since this is preferrable, choose 2 to Redirect.
It will take a moment to create the certificate, but afterwards, you will be asked if you want to automatically redirect all connections to be encrypted.
Since this is preferable, choose 2 to Redirect.
</p>
<img src=pix/certbot-02.png>

44
cron.html
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@ -19,13 +19,13 @@
<p>
You can schedule anything! Some examples of what you might have done already include:
<ul>
<li> <code> updatedb </code> to update your <code> locate </code> database </li>
<li> <code> certbot </code> to update renewing of your https certs </li>
<li><code>updatedb</code> to update your <code>locate</code> database</li>
<li><code>certbot</code> to update renewing of your https certs</li>)
</ul>
Some tasks that you might <em>want</em> to schedule may include:
<ul>
<li> Package updates - if you really just want to leave your server alone you can automated updating packages on your server </li>
<li> Backups - you may want to backup certain files every day and some every week, this is possible with cron </li>
<li>Package updates - if you really just want to leave your server alone you can automated updating packages on your server</li>
<li>Backups - you may want to backup certain files every day and some every week, this is possible with cron</li>
</ul>
<p>
And many more, anything you can do can be turned into a cronjob.
@ -34,25 +34,25 @@
<h2>Basic Cronjobs</h2>
<p>
This the preferred method for personal tasks and scripts, it's also the easiest to get started with. Run the command <code> crontab -e </code> to access your users crontab
This the preferred method for personal tasks and scripts; it's also the easiest to get started with. Run the command <code>crontab -e</code> to access your user's crontab
</p>
<p>
Once you have figured out the command you want to run you need to figure out how often you want to run it and when. I am going to schedule my system updates once a week on at 3:30 AM on a Monday.
Once you have figured out the command you want to run you need to figure out how often you want to run it and when. I am going to schedule my system updates once a week on at 3:30 AM on Mondays.
</p>
<p>
We now have to convert this time (Every Monday at 3:30 AM) into a cron time. Cron uses a simple but effective way of scheduling when to run things.
</p>
<p>
Crontab expressions look like this <code> * * * * * command-to-run </code>
Crontab expressions look like this <code>* * * * * command-to-run</code>
The five elements before the command tell when the command is supposed to be run automatically.
<p>
So for our Monday at 3:30AM job we would do the following:
<p>
<pre><code> .---------------- minute (0 - 59)
<pre><code>.---------------- minute (0 - 59)
| .------------- hour (0 - 23)
| | .---------- day of month (1 - 31)
| | | .------- month (1 - 12
| | | .------- month (1 - 12)
| | | | .---- day of week (0 - 6)
| | | | |
* * * * *
@ -67,7 +67,9 @@
<h3>More examples</h3>
<p>
Let's add another job, our backup job (for the purposes of this our backup command is just called <code> backup</code>) We want to run <code> backup </code> Every evening at 11PM, once we work out the timings for this we can add the to the same file as the above by running <code> crontab -e </code> This would mean our full crontab would look like this:
Let's add another job, our backup job (for the purposes of this our backup command is just called <code>backup</code>).
We want to run <code>backup</code> every evening at 11PM.
Once we work out the timings for this we can add the to the same file as the above by running <code>crontab -e</code> This would mean our full crontab would look like this:
<pre><code>0 23 * * * backup</code></pre>
<h3>Consecutive times</h3>
@ -87,21 +89,18 @@
<p>
We can also randomly specify non-consecutive arguments with a comma.
Suppose you have a script you want to run at the midday of the 1st, 15th, and 20th day of every month.
You can specify that my putting <code>1,15,20</code> for the day of the month argument:
You can specify that by putting <code>1,15,20</code> for the day of the month argument:
</p>
<pre><code>0 12 1,15,20 * * /usr/bin/pay_bills_script</code></pre>
<h3>"Every X minutes/days/months"</h3>
<p>We can also easily run a command very several minutes or months, without specifying the specific times:
</p>
<p>We can also easily run a command every several minutes or months, without specifying the specific times:</p>
<pre><code>*/15 * * * * updatedb</code></pre>
<p>
This cronjob will run the <code>updatedb</code> command every 15 minutes.
</p>
<p>This cronjob will run the <code>updatedb</code> command every 15 minutes.</p>
<h3>Beware of this Rookie Mistake Though...</h3>
@ -146,13 +145,14 @@
</p>
<p>
Run the command <code> ls /etc/cron* </code> you should see a list of directories and there contents. The directories should be something like the below
Run the command <code>ls /etc/cron*</code> you should see a list of directories and there contents. The directories should be something like the below:
</p>
<ul>
<li> /etc/cron.d <em> This is a crontab like the ones that you create with </em> <code> crontab -e </code> </li>
<li> /etc/cron.hourly </li>
<li> /etc/cron.daily </li>
<li> /etc/cron.weekly </li>
<li> /etc/cron.monthly </li>
<li>/etc/cron.d <em>This is a crontab like the ones that you create with</em> <code>crontab -e</code></li>
<li>/etc/cron.hourly</li>
<li>/etc/cron.daily</li>
<li>/etc/cron.weekly</li>
<li>/etc/cron.monthly</li>
</ul>
<p>

9
dns.html
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@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
<p>
Now let's get our IPv6 address, which is a little more hidden for some reason.
IPv6 are important because we are running our of IPv4 addresses so it is highly important to allow connections via IPv6 as it will be standard in the future.
IPv6 is important because we are running out of IPv4 addresses, so it is highly important to allow connections via IPv6 as it will be standard in the future.
Anyway, now back on Vultr, click on the server name.
</p>
@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
<a href=pix/dns-vultr.png><img src="pix/dns-vultr.png" alt="Looking for the IPv6"></a>
<p>
Now just click on <strong>IPv6</strong> submenu to reveal your IPv6 address.
Now just click on the <strong>IPv6</strong> submenu to reveal your IPv6 address.
</p>
<a href=pix/dns-ipv6.png><img src="pix/dns-ipv6.png" alt="The IPv6 address"></a>
@ -95,14 +95,15 @@
<p>
That ugly looking sequence of numbers and letters with colons in between (<code>2001:19f0:5:ccc:5400:03ff:fe58:324a</code>) is my <strong>IPv6</strong> address.
Yours will look something like it.
Now let's put it into Epik, this time, be sure to select to put in AAAA records as below:
Now let's put it into Epik.
This time, be sure to select to put in AAAA records as below:
</p>
<a href=pix/dns-ipv6-done.png><img src="pix/dns-ipv6-done.png" alt="IPv6 complete"></a>
<p>
Now just click "Save Changes."
It might take a minute for the DNS settings to propgate across the internet.
It might take a minute for the DNS settings to propagate across the internet.
</p>
<h2>Test it out!</h2>

4
domain.html
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@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
</li>
<li>NearlyFreeSpeech &ndash; People have signed up for this minor registrar because of its name that's actually tongue-and-cheek. I will let <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210121022350/https://blog.nearlyfreespeech.net/2021/01/19/free-speech-in-2021">this post of theirs</a> speak for itself.
Register a domain here only if you want to have it seized.</li>
<li>Google, Amazon &ndash; Maybe this is obvious, but if you are trying to escape the control of Google or Amazon, it is a very, self-defeating thing to register your domain with them.</li>
<li>Google, Amazon &ndash; Maybe this is obvious, but if you are trying to escape the control of Google or Amazon, it is a very self-defeating thing to register your domain with them.</li>
</ul>
<p>
@ -138,6 +138,6 @@
</p>
</main>
<!-- <footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a><a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a><a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a><a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a></footer> -->
<footer><a href="https://landchad.net">LandChad.net</a></br>Because Everyone should be an Internet LandChad.</br><a href="index.html"><li><img src="pix/chad.gif" alt="chad"></li></a><a href="rss.xml"><li><img src="pix/rss.svg" alt="RSS"></li></a><a href="pix/btc.png"><li><img src="pix/btc.svg" alt="BTC"></li></a><a href="pix/xmr.png"><li><img src="pix/xmr.svg" alt="XMR"></li></a><a href="https://github.com/lukesmithxyz/landchad"><li><img src="pix/git.svg" alt="Github"></li></a></footer>
</body>
</html>

4
gemini.html
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@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
<p>As the gemini user, we can create three different directories to simplify the process:</p>
<pre><code>mkdir -p ~/gemini/{content,certificate,server}</code></pre>
<h3>Content</h3>
<p>This will be the directory where you capsule files will be contained. Gemini uses text/gemini markup (in place of HTTP's equivalent HTML). It heavily borrows from Markdown. Similar to .html or .md, gemini uses .gmi as its extension.</p>
<p>This will be the directory where your capsule files will be contained. Gemini uses text/gemini markup (in place of HTTP's equivalent HTML). It heavily borrows from Markdown. Similar to .html or .md, gemini uses .gmi as its extension.</p>
<p>To create one gemini file, go inside the <code>content</code> directory and create one <code>index.gmi</code> file.</p>
<pre><code>nano gemini/content/index.gmi</code></pre>
<p>We can add the content we want in our Gemini capsule here:</p>
@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ systemctl start agate</code></pre>
<p>Enjoy your first gemini capsule.</p>
<p>
For information about how to write in "gemtext" the markup language in Gemini, see this site: <a href="https://gemini.circumlunar.space/docs/gemtext.gmi">https://gemini.circumlunar.space/docs/gemtext.gmi</a>.
As you might guess it also has an analogous gemini capsule here: gemini://gemini.circumlunar.space/docs/gemtext.gmi
As you might guess, it also has an analogous gemini capsule here: gemini://gemini.circumlunar.space/docs/gemtext.gmi
</p>
<hr>
<p><em>Written by <a href="https://nihar.page">nihar.page</a></em></p>

2
gitea.html
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@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ server {
<h2>A few extras</h2>
<h3>Automatically create a new repo on push</h3>
<p>This is an incredicly useful feature for me. Open up <code>/etc/gitea/app.ini</code> and add <code>DEFAULT_PUSH_CREATE_PRIVATE = true</code> to the <code>repository</code> section like so:</p>
<p>This is an incredibly useful feature for me. Open up <code>/etc/gitea/app.ini</code> and add <code>DEFAULT_PUSH_CREATE_PRIVATE = true</code> to the <code>repository</code> section like so:</p>
<img src=pix/gitea-push-create.png>
<br>
<p>If you now add a remote to a repository like this</p>

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html.html
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@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
It is the "language" that all webpages are written in so that all browsers can read and display them properly.
</p>
<p>
A <dfn>markup language</dfn> <em>not</em> the same as a programming language:
A <dfn>markup language</dfn> is <em>not</em> the same as a programming language:
Programming languages specify orders for a computer, while markup languages are ways of specifying the styling of text.
Markup languages are necessary because computers run on mere text, not colors, sizes, headers and other styling things.
</p>
@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ Heading tags are for your page's title and section headings in the document:
<h4>A preview to CSS</h4>
<p>
It is very imporant to use headings like this for your pages.
It is very important to use headings like this for your pages.
Notice that on this website, headings come in different colors, text-alignment and sizes for emphasis.
If we use these heading tags, when we clear CSS, we can easily style all <code>&lt;h2&gt;</code>, for example,

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index.html
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@ -109,10 +109,10 @@
<li>Email webclients</li>
<li>Simple static site generators</li>
<li>Calibre (library server)</li>
<li>Nitter</li>
<li>PeerTube (like YouTube)</li>
<li>XMPP ejabberd</li>
<li>Movim for XMPP</li>
<li><a href="https://joinpeertube.org/">PeerTube</a> (like YouTube)</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/RSS-Bridge/rss-bridge">RSS-Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.ejabberd.im/">XMPP ejabberd</a></li>
<li><a href="https://movim.eu/">Movim for XMPP</a></li>
</ul>

2
monero.html
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@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
If you are a Windows user, note that you will <em>probably</em> get some kind of warning that you are installing something malicious.
This is because many malicious pieces of software include crypto miners in them.
This wallet, obviously, does include one as well, because it has the ability to mine if you want.
You can disregard these messages and as that official site mentions, you can follow their directions to check the integrity of the download with SHA265.
You can disregard these messages and as that official site mentions, you can follow their directions to check the integrity of the download with SHA256.
</p>
</aside>

4
nextcloud.html
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@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ server {
location ~ \.woff2?$ {
try_files $uri /nextcloud/index.php$request_uri;
expires 7d;
expires 7d;
access_log off;
}
@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ server {
}</code></pre>
<p>Enable the site by running this command:</p>
<pre><code>ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/nextcloud /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/</code></pre>
<p>Next, we need to download the latest release tarball of Nextcloud. Go to <a>https://nextcloud.com/install/#instructions-server</a> and copy the URL of the the .tar.bz2 tarball from the More Downloads dropdown menu then go to your server's shell prompt and download the tarball with wget. Here is an example:</p>
<p>Next, we need to download the latest release tarball of Nextcloud. Go to <a>https://nextcloud.com/install/#instructions-server</a> and copy the URL of the .tar.bz2 tarball from the More Downloads dropdown menu then go to your server's shell prompt and download the tarball with wget. Here is an example:</p>
<pre><code>wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-21.0.2.tar.bz2</code></pre>
<p>Now we need to extract the Nextcloud tarball. Run the following command:</p>
<pre><code>tar -xjf nextcloud*.tar.bz2 -C /var/www</code></pre>

8
nginx.html
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@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
As I said in previous articles, the instructions I will give will be for <strong>Debian 10</strong>.
In this article, other distributions might work a little differently.</p>
<h2>Logging in the the server</h2>
<h2>Logging in to the server</h2>
<p>
We first want to log into our VPS to get a command prompt where we can set up the web server.
@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
Now pull up a terminal and type:
</p>
<pre><code>ssh root@<strong>yourdomain.com</strong></code></pre>
<pre><code>ssh root@<strong>example.org</strong></code></pre>
<p>
This command will attempt to log into your server.
@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
<p>
If you get an error here, you might not have done your <a href="dns.html">DNS settings</a> right.
Double check those.
Note you can also replace the <code>yourdomain.com</code> with your IP address, but you'll want to fix your DNS settings soon.
Note you can also replace the <code>example.org</code> with your IP address, but you'll want to fix your DNS settings soon.
</p>
</aside>
@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ Now we can just <code>reload</code> or <code>restart</code> to make <code>nginx<
<p>
Vultr and some other VPS automatically install and enable <code>ufw</code>, a firewall program.
This will block bacsically everything by default, so we have to change that.
This will block basically everything by default, so we have to change that.
If you don't have <code>ufw</code> installed, you can skip this section.
</p>

2
openalias.html
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@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
<p>
It would be nice if we could just input someone's email address or maybe a website and send Bitcoin or Monero to that instead.
So instead of that long jumble, it would be eaiser to just type in someone's website or email and sending them money that way.
So instead of that long jumble, it would be easier to just type in someone's website or email and sending them money that way.
</p>
<h2>The Solution</h2>

4
server.html
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@ -38,7 +38,7 @@
<p>
The VPS provider that I'll be using for this guide is Vultr, since that is what I use.
Vultr provides a free one-month $100 credit to anyone who starts an account through <a href="https://www.vultr.com/?ref=8384069-6G">this referral link of mine</a>
so you can play around with their servies with impunity.
so you can play around with their services with impunity.
</p>
<h2>Starting your server in two minutes or less</h2>
@ -73,7 +73,7 @@
<p>
I especially recommend <strong>Debian 10</strong> for an operating system for your server.
Debian is the "classic" server OS and as such, <strong>I make my guides on this site for Debian 10</strong>.
If you use another OS, just know that your milage may vary in terms of you might need to change some instructions here minorly.
If you use another OS, just know that your millage may vary in terms of you might need to change some instructions here minorly.
</p>
<h4>Server size</h4>

2
ufw.html
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@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ ufw enable</code></pre>
<aside>
<code>ufw</code> has an internal list of protocols applications, and the ports used by them.
In this case, it knwos SSH is on port 22.
In this case, it knows SSH is on port 22.
We'll go more in detail how to view all protocols <code>ufw</code> knows about.
By default, when you allow an incoming port, it allows that port both on IPv4 and IPv6.
</aside>

2
xmpp.html
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@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ Add
<p>
This module is not installed by default,
but you can easily download it by running the following command on the command prompt
to download and install the module to the correcy directory.
to download and install the module to the correct directory.
</p>
<pre><code style=font-size:x-small>curl -sL https://hg.prosody.im/prosody-modules/raw-file/785389a2d2b3/mod_omemo_all_access/mod_omemo_all_access.lua &gt; /usr/lib/prosody/modules/mod_omemo_all_access.lua</code></pre>