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## [branch](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v1/Git-Branching-What-a-Branch-Is)
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## [branch](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v1/Git-Branching-What-a-Branch-Is)
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To really understand the way Git does branching, we need to take a step back and examine how Git stores its data. As you may remember from Chapter 1, Git doesn’t store data as a series of changesets or deltas, but instead as a series of snapshots.
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To really understand the way Git does branching, we need to take a step back and examine how Git stores its data. As you may remember from Chapter 1, Git doesn’t store data as a series of changesets or deltas, but instead as a series of snapshots.
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Running [`git commit`](common_commands#commit) checksums all project directories and stores them as tree objects in the Git repository. Git then creates a commit object that has the metadata and a pointer to the root project tree object so it can re-create that snapshot when needed.
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Running [`git commit`](common_commands.md#commit) checksums all project directories and stores them as tree objects in the Git repository. Git then creates a commit object that has the metadata and a pointer to the root project tree object so it can re-create that snapshot when needed.
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A branch in Git is simply a lightweight movable pointer to one of these commits. The default branch name in Git is master. As you initially make commits, you’re given a master branch that points to the last commit you made. Every time you commit, it moves forward automatically.
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A branch in Git is simply a lightweight movable pointer to one of these commits. The default branch name in Git is master. As you initially make commits, you’re given a master branch that points to the last commit you made. Every time you commit, it moves forward automatically.
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## [checkout](common_commands#checkout)
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## [checkout](common_commands.md#checkout)
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Checking out is the operation of switching the working tree to the state at a given snapshot, which is usually the HEAD of another branch.
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Checking out is the operation of switching the working tree to the state at a given snapshot, which is usually the HEAD of another branch.
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## distributed version control system
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## distributed version control system
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A Distributed Version Control System (DVCS) differs from traditional VCS systems in that every user has a copy of the entire repo, including the history and all branches.
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A Distributed Version Control System (DVCS) differs from traditional VCS systems in that every user has a copy of the entire repo, including the history and all branches.
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A connection to a central server is not required to work on a project. Changes and conflicts can be resolved later when the diverging histories are [`merge`](common_commands#merge)d later on.
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A connection to a central server is not required to work on a project. Changes and conflicts can be resolved later when the diverging histories are [`merge`](common_commands.md#merge)d later on.
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## [gitignore](https://git-scm.com/docs/gitignore)
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## [gitignore](https://git-scm.com/docs/gitignore)
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## origin
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## origin
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Origin is the name given to the default remote. It is set automatically when using [`git clone`](common_commands#clone), and recommended when setting up the remote for an existing repo.
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Origin is the name given to the default remote. It is set automatically when using [`git clone`](common_commands.md#clone), and recommended when setting up the remote for an existing repo.
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## [pathspec](https://git-scm.com/docs/gitglossary#gitglossary-aiddefpathspecapathspec)
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## [pathspec](https://git-scm.com/docs/gitglossary#gitglossary-aiddefpathspecapathspec)
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