# Purr-Data

=> https://git.purrdata.net/jwilkes/purr-data This text converted from GitHub repo Purr-data by jwilkes GPLv3


Maintainers:

* Ivica Ico Bukvic <ico@vt.edu>
* Albert Graef <aggraef@gmail.com>
* Jonathan Wilkes <jancsika@yahoo.com>

=> http://disis.music.vt.edu/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/l2ork-dev Contact: DISIS mailing list

Contents:

* Downloads
* One Paragraph Overview
* Three Paragraph Overview
* Goals
* User Guide
* Relationship of Purr Data to Pure Data
* Build Guide
  * Gnu/Linux
  * OSX
  * Windows
* Code of Conduct
* Project Governance
* Contributor Guide
* Human Interface Guidelines
* Core Pd Notes
* GUI Message Spec

### One Paragraph Overview

Pure Data (aka Pd) is a visual programming language.  That means you can use it to create software graphically by drawing diagrams instead of writing lines of code.  These diagrams show how data flows through the software, displaying on the screen what text-based languages require you to piece together in your mind.

### Three Paragraph Overview

Pd has been designed with an emphasis on generating sound, video, 2D/3D graphics, and connecting through sensors, input devices, and MIDI as well as OSC devices.

Pd has a special emphasis on generating audio and/or video in real time, with low latency.  Much of its design focuses on receiving, manipulating, and delivering high-quality audio signals.  Specifically, the software addresses the problem of how to do this efficiently and reliably on general purpose operating systems like OSX, Windows, Debian, etc.-- i.e., systems designed mainly for multi-tasking.

Pd can easily work over local and remote networks.  It can be used to integrate wearable technology, motor systems, lighting rigs, and other equipment. Pd is also suitable for learning basic multimedia processing and visual programming methods, as well as for realizing complex systems for large-scale projects.

### Goals

Purr-Data has the following goals:

1. Documentation.  We like documentation.  It's like code, except friendly.
2. Be reliable.  Binary releases must be usable for performances and installations.  The git repo must always be in a workable state that can be compiled.  Regressions must be fixed quickly.
3. Be discoverable.  Undocumented features are buggy.  Missing help files are bugs.  Patches for new functionality that lack documentation are spam.
4. Be consistent.  Consistent interfaces are themselves a kind of documentation.  We like documentation, so it follows that we like consistent interfaces.

### User Guide and Weblinks

=> https://agraef.github.io/purr-data-intro/Purr-Data-Intro.html For a more in-depth look at Purr Data for new users and developers

=> https://agraef.github.io/purr-data/ For more resources 

=> http://l2ork.music.vt.edu/main/make-your-own-l2ork/software/ For Ico Bukvic's original Pd-l2ork website 

### Relationship of Purr Data to Pure Data

At the time of this writing, there are four maintained distributions of Pure Data, two of which (Purr Data, Pd-l2ork) belong to the Pd-extended lineage.

1. Purr Data. This started out as the 2.0 version of Pd-l2ork. It ships with lots of external libraries and uses a modern GUI written using HTML5.
2. Pd-l2ork is the version used by Ivica Bukvic for his laptop orchestra. Pd-l2ork 1.0 used tcl/tk (and tkpath) for the GUI. Pd-l2ork 2.x is a fork of an earlier Purr Data version which is developed separately. You can find these [here](http://l2ork.music.vt.edu/main/make-your-own-l2ork/software/).
3. Pure Data "Vanilla".  Miller Puckette's personal version which he hosts on his website and maintains.  It doesn't come with external libraries pre-installed, but it does include an interface you can use to search and install external libraries maintained and packaged by other developers.
4. Plugdata. A new libpd-based distribution of Pure Data which can be run as a plugin. 

=> https://plugdata.org Plugdata

### Downloads

Windows, Ubuntu, and Mac OSX:

Releases are done on Albert Gräf's GitHub mirror, which also provides a website, wiki, additional documentation, and an up-to-date mirror of the source code repository.

=> https://github.com/agraef/purr-data/releases GitHub mirror 

**More Linux packages:**

Packages for various Linux distributions (including Arch, Debian, Ubuntu, and Fedora) are available through the JGU package repositories maintained by Albert Gräf on the OBS (Open Build System). 

=> https://github.com/agraef/purr-data/wiki/Installation#linux Detailed instructions 

=> https://software.opensuse.org/download/package?package=purr-data&project=home%3Aaggraef%3Apurr-data-jgu You can also just go to the OBS Download, pick your Linux system, and follow the instructions

### Build Guide

Purr Data is usually built by just running `make` in the toplevel source directory after checking out the sources from its git repository. This works across all supported platforms (Linux, Mac and Windows at this time). The Makefile also offers the customary targets to clean (`make clean`, or `make realclean` to put the sources in pristine state again) and to roll a self-contained distribution tarball (`make dist`), as well as some other convenience targets (please check the comments at the beginning of the Makefile for more information).

However, to make this work, you will most likely have to install some prerequisites first: *build tools* such as a C/C++ compiler and the make program itself, as well as *dependencies*, the libraries that Purr Data needs. Detailed instructions for each of the supported platforms are given below.

### Linux

Time to build: *10 minutes light install, 45 minutes to 1.5 hours full install* Hard drive space required: *roughly 2.5 GB*

0. Remember to update your packages:

```
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
```
1. Install the dependencies (please note that the packages may be named slightly differently for different Linux distributions; the given names are for Debian/Ubuntu)
```
        sudo apt-get install bison flex automake libasound2-dev \
             libjack-jackd2-dev libtool libbluetooth-dev libgl1-mesa-dev \
             libglu1-mesa-dev libglew-dev libmagick++-dev libftgl-dev \
             libgmerlin-dev libgmerlin-avdec-dev libavifile-0.7-dev \
             libmpeg3-dev libquicktime-dev libv4l-dev libraw1394-dev \
             libdc1394-22-dev libfftw3-dev libvorbis-dev ladspa-sdk \
             dssi-dev tap-plugins invada-studio-plugins-ladspa blepvco \
             swh-plugins mcp-plugins cmt blop slv2-jack omins rev-plugins \
             libslv2-dev dssi-utils vco-plugins wah-plugins fil-plugins \
             mda-lv2 libmp3lame-dev libspeex-dev libgsl0-dev \
             portaudio19-dev liblua5.3-dev python-dev libsmpeg0 libjpeg62-turbo \
             flite1-dev libgsm1-dev libgtk2.0-dev git libstk0-dev \
             libfluidsynth-dev fluid-soundfont-gm byacc \
             python3-markdown
```
2. The gui toolkit may require installing the following extra dependencies
```
sudo apt-get install gconf2 libnss3
```
3. Clone the Purr-Data repository *(2 to 10 minutes)*
```
git clone https://git.purrdata.net/jwilkes/purr-data.git
```

4. Compile the code *(5 minutes [light] to 1.5 hours [full])*

* to build only the core: `make light` (5 minutes)
* to build the core and all externals: `make all` (20 minutes to 1.5 hours)
* to build everything except Gem: `make incremental` (10 to 20 minutes)

5. If you're using an apt-based Linux distribution and you have the necessary Debian packaging tools installed, there should now be an installer file in the main source directory, which can be installed as usual. Otherwise, run `make install` to install the software, and `make uninstall` to remove it again.

### OSX 64-bit using Homebrew

Time to build: 50 minutes to 1.5 hours. Hard drive space required: *roughly 2 GB*

1. Install Homebrew (https://brew.sh) (15 minutes) (asks for password twice-- once for command line tools, once for homebrew)
2. Install the dependencies (10 minutes):
```
brew install wget
brew install autoconf
brew install automake
brew install libtool
brew install fftw
brew install python
brew install lua
brew install fluidsynth
brew install faac
brew install jpeg
brew install lame
brew install libvorbis
brew install speex
brew install gsl
brew install libquicktime
brew install sdl2
brew install pkg-config
```

You'll also need to install the python markdown module to generate the platform-specific release notes (ReadMe.html, Welcome.html):
```
pip3 install markdown
```
Note: Depending on your macOS and Xcode version, the 10 minutes estimate for this step may be a overly optimistic. Some build dependencies may require recompilation which can take a long time (up to several hours, if it includes a complete build of, e.g., gcc and cmake).

3. Clone the Purr-Data repository (10 minutes)
```
git clone https://git.purrdata.net/jwilkes/purr-data.git
```
4. Change to the source directory
```
cd purr-data
```
5. Build the OSX app and the installer disk image (.dmg file) (15 minutes)
```
make
```
6. There should now be a .dmg file in your current directory, which lets you install the app in the usual way

### Windows 64-bit Using msys2

Time to build: roughly 1.5 hours-- 30 minutes of this is for Gem alone  Hard drive space required to build: rougly 2.5 GB

Important note: We recommend doing the build under your msys2 home directory (usually /home/username in the msys2 shell). This directory should not have any spaces in it, which would otherwise cause trouble during the build. Never try using your Windows home directory for this purpose instead, since it will usually contain spaces, making the build fail.

1. In a browser, navigate to: `https://git.purrdata.net/jwilkes/ci-runner-setup/-/raw/master/win64_install_build_deps.ps1`
2. Select all with `<control-a>`
3. Right-click and choose "Copy"
4. In the Start menu type `PowerShell ISE` and click the "Windows Powershell ISE" app that pops up.
5. In the Powershell ISE window menu, choose File -> New
6. In the area with the white background, right-click and choose "Paste" 
7. Click the `Run Script` arrow in the toolbar (20 minutes)
8. If there were no errors in the script, msys2 and Inno Setup are now installed.
9. Open the directory "C:\msys64" and click `mingw64.exe`
10. Download the source code (3-6 minutes)  
In the msys terminal window, issue the following command to create a new directory "purr-data" and clone the repository to it:
```
git clone https://git.purrdata.net/jwilkes/purr-data.git
```
6. Enter the source directory (less than a minute)
```
cd purr-data
```
7. Finally, build Purr-Data (45-80 minutes)
```
make
```
8. Look in the top level source directory and double-click the setup file to start installing Purr Data on your system or run `./"setup file name"` in MSYS2 shell.

### Code of Conduct

1. No sarcasm, please.
2. Don't appear to lack empathy.
3. You can't live here. If you're spending hours a day writing Purr Data code or-- worse-- spending hours a day *writing emails about* code that has yet to be written, you're doing it wrong.
4. If working on something for the first time, ask to be mentored.
5. If no one asked you to mentor them, don't teach.
6. It is better to let small things go than to risk taking time away from solving bigger problems.

It is a bad idea to break this Code of Conduct even if no one complains about your behaviour.

### Project Governance

* The three maintainers listed at the top of this document are the ones in charge of this project.
* Unanimous decisions are preferred.
* 2 out of 3 can break a disagreement.
* There will only ever be three maintainers of this project at any given time. If you'd like to temporarily step in as one of the three, send an inquiry to the list and we can discuss it.

### Contributor Guide

Contributing is easy:

1. Join the development list:
=> http://disis.music.vt.edu/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/l2ork-dev
2. Fork Purr Data using the gitlab UI and then try to build it from source for your own platform using the [Build Guide](#build-guide) above. If you run into problems ask on the development list for help.
3. Once you have successfully built Purr Data, install it and make sure it runs correctly.
4. Start making changes to the code with brief, clear commit messages. If you want some practice you can try fixing one of the bugs on the issue tracker labeled
=> https://git.purrdata.net/jwilkes/purr-data/issues?label_name%5B%5D=good-first-bug good "first bug"
5. One you are done fixing the bug or adding your feature, make a merge request in the Gitlab UI so we can merge the fix for the next release.

A few guidelines:
* There should be a short and clear commit message for each merge request.
* Short and clear title and description are required for each merge request.
* There should be a short branch name related to the issue, like "update-readme".
* No prototypes, please. Purr Data's biggest strength is that users can turn an idea into working code very quickly. But a prototyping language that is itself a prototype isn't very useful. That means Purr Data's core code and libraries must be stable, consistent, well-documented, and easy to use.
* Develop incrementally. Small, solid improvements to the software are preferable to large, disruptive ones.
* Try not to duplicate existing functionality. For backwards compatibility Purr Data ships many legacy libraries which unfortunately duplicate the same functionality. This makes it harder to learn how to use Pd, and makes it burdensome to read patches and keep track of all the disparate implementations.
* Keep dependencies to a minimum. Cross-platform dependency handling is unfortunately still an open research problem. In the even that you need an external library dependency, please mirror it at git.purrdata.net so that the build system doesn't depend on the availability of external infrastructure.

Here are some of the current tasks:

* Writing small audio/visual Pd games or demos to include in the next release
  * Skills needed: Ability to write Pd programs
  * Status: I wrote a little sprite-based game that will ship with the next version of Pd-L2Ork.  In it, the character walks around in an actual Pd diagram shoots at the objects to progress, and to make realtime changes to the music. What I'd like is to include a new, smallish game with each release that has a link in the Pd console.  It can be a little demo or game, just something fun that shows off what can be done using Pure Data.
* Designing/Implementing regression test template
  * Skills needed: Knowledge about... regression tests. :)  But also some expertise in using Pd so that the tests themselves can be written in Pure Data.  At the same time, they should be able to be run as part of the automated packaging process (i.e., in -nogui mode).
  * Status: Some externals have their own testing environments, but they are limited as they require manual intervention to run and read the results inside a graphical window. We currently have a crude test system that at least ensures that each external library instantiates without crashing. Here's an email thread with Katja Vetter's design, which looks to be automatable:
=> http://markmail.org/message/t7yitfc55anus76i#query:+page:1+mid:chb56ve7kea2qumn+state:results
=> http://sourceforge.net/p/pure-data/svn/HEAD/tree/tags/externals/pureunity/pureunity-0.0/ And Mathieu Bouchard's "pure unity" (not sure if this is the most recent link...):
* Adding support for double precision to the external libraries that ship with purr-data
  * Skills needed: Knowledge about data types in C language(specially float and double)
  * Status: The core classes of purr data and the freeverb~ external library have been changed to support both float and double but still the remaining external libraries only have support for single precision. The task ahead is to add double precision support to these external libraries. As per the current resources we have the merge requests that have been used to add double precision support to the core libraries:
=> https://git.purrdata.net/jwilkes/purr-data/merge_requests?scope=all&utf8=%E2%9C%93&state=merged&author_username=pranay_36
=> https://github.com/pd-projects/pd-double/commit/982ad1aa1a82b9bcd29c5b6a6e6b597675d5f300 And Katja Vetter's double precision patches to the pd-double project which were actually used for adding double precision support to the core libraries of purr-data.

### Human Interface Guidelines

### General Look and Feel

Pd is a multi-window application that consists of three parts:

1. A main window, called the "Pd Window" or "Console Window". This window displays informational and error messages for Pd programs.
2. One or more "canvas" windows-- aka "patch" windows, used to display the diagrams that make up a Pd program.
3. One or more dialog windows used to configure the various parts of Pd. All should look simple and uncluttered. Although "canvas" windows cannot (yet) be traversed and edited using only the keyboard, all three parts of Pd should be designed so that they can be manipulated using only the keyboard.

### Hooks for new users

It should also be possible to produce sound and interact when a new user runs program for the very first time. In every release, there should be a link at the bottom of the Console Window to a short game written in Pd that demonstrates one or more of the capabilities of the Pd environment. The game should be designed to be fun outside of its efficacy as a demonstration of Pd.

### Fonts

Pd ships with "DejaVu Sans Mono", which is used for the text in canvas windows. Fonts are sized to fit the hard-coded constraints in Pd Vanilla. This way box sizes will match as closely as possible across distributions and OSes.

These hard-coded sizes are maximum character widths and heights. No font fits these maximums exactly, so it's currently impossible to tell when looking at a Pd canvas whether the objects will collide on a system using a different font (or even a different font-rendering engine).

Dialogs and console button labels may use variable-width fonts. There is not yet a suggested default to use for these.

The console printout area currently uses "DejaVu Sans Mono". Errors are printed as a link so that the user can click them to highlight the corresponded canvas or object that triggered the error.

### Colors

Nothing set in stone yet.

### Core Pd Notes

The following is adapted from Pd Vanilla's original source notes.  (Found in pd/src/CHANGELOG.txt for some reason...)

Sections 2-3 below are quite old.  Someone needs to check whether they even hold true for Pd Vanilla anymore.

### Structure definition roadmap.

First, the containment tree of things that can be sent messages ("pure data").  (note that t_object and t_text, and t_graph and t_canvas, should be unified...)

BEFORE 0.35:
```
    m_pd.h      t_pd                        anything with a class
                    t_gobj                  "graphic object"
                        t_text              text object
    g_canvas.h
                        t_glist             list of graphic objects
    g_canvas.c              t_canvas        Pd "document"

AFTER 0.35:

    m_pd.h      t_pd                        anything with a class
                    t_gobj                  "graphic object"
                        t_text              patchable object, AKA t_object
    g_canvas.h              t_glist         list of graphic objects, AKA t_canvas

Other structures:

    g_canvas.h  t_selection -- linked list of gobjs
                t_editor -- editor state, allocated for visible glists
    m_imp.h     t_methodentry -- method handler
                t_widgetbehavior -- class-dependent editing behavior for gobjs
                t_parentwidgetbehavior -- objects' behavior on parent window
                t_class -- method definitions, instance size, flags, etc.
```

### 1. Coding Style

1.0  C coding style.  The source should pass most "warnings" of C compilers (-Wall on Linux, for instance-- see the makefile.)  Some informalities are intentional, for instance the loose use of function prototypes (see below) and uncast conversions from longer to shorter numerical formats. The code doesn't respect "const" yet.

1.1.  Prefixes in structure elements.  The names of structure elements always have a K&R-style prefix, as in `((t_atom)x)->a_type`, where the `a_` prefix indicates "atom."  This is intended to enhance readability (although the
convention arose from a limitation of early C compilers.)  Common prefixes are:
* `w_` (word)
* `a_` (atom)
* `s_` (symbol)
* `ob_` (object)
* `te_` (text object)
* `g_` (graphical object)
* `gl_` (glist, a list of graphical objects).
Also, global symbols sometimes get prefixes, as in `s_float` (the symbol whose string is "float").  Typedefs are prefixed by `t_`.  Most _private_ structures, i.e., structures whose definitions appear in a ".c" file, are prefixed by `x_`.

1.2.   Function arguments.  Many functions take as their first argument a pointer named `x`, which is a pointer to a structure suggested by the function prefix; e.g., `canvas_dirty(x, n)` where `x` points to a canvas
`(t_canvas *x)`.

1.3.  Function Prototypes.  Functions which are used in at least two different files (besides where they originate) are prototyped in the appropriate include file. Functions which are provided in one file and used in one other are prototyped right where they are used.  This is just to keep the size of the ".h" files down for readability's sake.

1.4.  Whacko private terminology.  Some terms are lifted from other historically
relevant programs, notably "ugen" (which is just a tilde object; see d_ugen.c.)

1.5.  Spacing.  Tabs are 8 spaces; indentation is 4 spaces.  Indenting
curly brackets are by themselves on their own lines, as in:

```c
if (x)
{
    x = 0;
}
```

Lines should fit within 80 spaces.

### 2. Compatibility with Max

2.0.  Max patch-level compatibility.  "Import" and "Export" functions are provided which aspire to strict compatibility with 0.26 patches (ISPW version), but which don't get anywhere close to that yet.  Where possible, features appearing on the Mac will someday also be provided; for instance, the connect message on the Mac offers segmented patch cords; these will devolve into straight lines in Pd.  Many, many UI objects in Opcode Max will not appear in Pd, at least at first.

### 3. Source-level Compatibility with Max

3.0.  Compatibility with Max 0.26 "externs"-- source-level compatibility. Pd objects follow the style of 0.26 objects as closely as possible, making exceptions in cases where the 0.26 model is clearly deficient.  These are:

3.1.  Anything involving the MacIntosh "Handle" data type is changed to use char * or void * instead.

3.2.  Pd passes true single-precision floating-point arguments to methods; Max uses double. Typedefs are provided:
```
    t_floatarg, t_intarg for arguments passed by the message system
    t_float, t_int for the "word" union (in atoms, for example.)
```

3.3.  Badly-named entities got name changes:
```
w_long --> w_int (in the "union word" structure)
```

3.4.  Many library functions are renamed and have different arguments; I hope to provide an include file to alias them when compiling Max externs.

### 4. Function name prefixes

4.0.  Function name prefixes. Many function names have prefixes which indicate what "package" they belong to.  The exceptions are:
```
typedmess, vmess, getfn, gensym (m_class.c)
getbytes, freebytes, resizebytes (m_memory.c)
post, error, bug (s_print.c)
```
which are all frequently called and which don't fit into simple categories.

Important packages are:

```
(pd-gui:)   pdgui -- everything
(pd:)       pd -- functions common to all "pd" objects
            obj -- fuctions common to all "patchable" objects ala Max
            sys -- "system" level functions
            binbuf -- functions manipulating binbufs
            class -- functions manipulating classes
            (other) -- functions common to the named Pd class
```

### 5. Source file prefixes

5.0. Source file prefixes. 

```
PD:

    s    system interface
    m    message system
    g    graphics stuff
    d    DSP objects
    x    control objects
    z    other

PD-GUI:

    gui    GUI front end
```

### 6. Javascript style

1. Brackets on the same line as declaration or expression: `if (a) {`.
2. Single line comments only: `//`.
3. Use double-quotes for strings.
4. Use underscores to separate words of function names and variables.

### GUI Messaging Specification

### Public GUI interface

Purpose: a set of functions to communicate with the gui without putting language-specific strings (like tcl) into the C code.  The new interface is a step toward separating some (but not all) of the GUI logic out from the C code. Of course the GUI can still be designed to parse and evaluate incoming messages as commands.  But the idiosyncracies of the GUI toolkit can be limited to either the GUI code itself or to a small set of modular wrappers around sys_vgui.

The public interface consists of the following:

```c
gui_vmess(const char *msg, const char *format, ...);
```

where `const char *format` consists of zero or more of the following:

* f - floating point value (`t_float`)
* i - integer (`int`)
* s - c string (`char*	)
* x - hexadecimal integer value, with a precision of at least six digits.
      (hex value is preceded by an 'x', like `x123456`)

For some of Pd's internals like array visualization, the message length may
vary. For these _special_ cases, the following functions allow the developer
to iteratively build up a message to send to the GUI.

```c
gui_start_vmess(const char *msg, const char *format, ...);
gui_start_array();      // start an array
gui_f(t_float float);   // floating point array element (t_float)
gui_i(int int);         // integer array element (int)
gui_s(const char *str); // c string array element
gui_end_array();        // end an array
gui_end_vmess();        // terminate the message
```

The above will send a well-formed message to the GUI, where the number of array elements are limited by the amount of memory available to the GUI. Because of the complexity of this approach, it may _only_ be used when it is necessary to send a variable length message to the GUI. (Some of the current code may violate this rule, but that can be viewed as a bug which needs to get fixed.)

The array element functions gui_f, gui_i, and gui_s may only be used inside an array.  Arrays may be nested, but this adds complexity and should be avoided if possible.

### Private Wrapper for Nw.js Port

The public functions above should fit any sensible message format. Unfortunately, Pd's message format (FUDI) is too simplistic to handle arbitrary c-strings and arrays, so it cannot be used here. (But if it happens to improve in the future it should be trivial to make a wrapper for the public interface above.)

The current wrapper was made with the assumption that there is a Javascript Engine at the other end of the message. Messages consist of a selector, followed by whitespace, followed by a comman-delimited list of valid Javascript primitives (numbers, strings, and arrays). For the arrays, Javascript's array notation is used. This is a highly idiosyncratic, quick-and-dirty approach. But the point is that the idiosyncracy exists in a single file of the source code, and can be easily made more modular (or replaced entirely by something else) without affecting _any_ of the rest of the C code.

=> https://git.purrdata.net/jwilkes/purr-data This text converted from GitHub repo Purr-data by jwilkes GPLv3

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