* Russian

These are some of my notes from learning Russian.

** Dictionary

I have dictionary files to allow for offline browsing of a Russian-English and
English-Russian dictionary. The files can be found {../resources/rus-dict.tar.xz here}
(tar.xz archive). These can be opened in a program like {http://www.goldendict.org/ goldendict}.

** Verbs

There are three types of verbs, type 1, 2 and 1B. Type 1 consist of verbs like
знать which are conjugated in present like so:

===
Я         |знаю
Ты        |знаешь
Он/Она/Оно|знает
Мы        |знаем
Вы        |знаете
Они       |знают
===

It is worth noting that for both type 1 and 1B verbs, if the stress is on the
ending of verb and it is normally a "е", it changes into a "ё".

And here is the present conjugation of the word говорить, which is a type 2 verb:

===
Я         |говорю
Ты        |говоришь
Он/Она/Оно|говорит
Мы        |говорим
Вы        |говорите
Они       |говорят
===

Type 1B verbs are almost conjugated the same way as type 1 verbs apart from a
few differences and that the root of the verb is impossible to guess. One
example is жить, which gets the counter-intuitive root жив-. This verb's
conjugation also uses the ё-rule mentioned above.

===
Я         |живу
Ты        |живёшь
Он/Она/Оно|живёт
Мы        |живём
Вы        |живёте
Они       |живут
===

** У

У is used to denote possession and telling where you are.

===
I have an apple    |У меня есть яблока
You have a book    |У тебя есть книга
I'm by the window  |Я у окна
I'm at Anna's place|Я у Анна
===

** Numbers

===
0  |ноль
1  |один
2  |два
3  |три
4  |четыре
5  |пять
6  |шесть
7  |семь
8  |восемь
9  |девять
10 |десять
11 |одиннадцать
12 |двенадцать
13 |тринадцать
etc.
20 |дведцать
30 |тридцать
40 |совок
50 |пятьдесять
etc.
90 |девяносто
100|сто
===

** Questions

Yes/no-questions are made by just suffixing a statement with a question mark:

===
Do you want coffee? |Хотите кофе?
===

For other kinds of questions, you need to know the correct words:

===
what    |что    |What is this?                  |Что это?
how     |как    |How do you pronounce this word?|Как вы произносите это слово?
where   |где    |Where is my book?              |Где моя книга?
when    |когда  |When did it happen?            |Когда это произошло?
who     |кто    |Who are you?                   |Кто вы?
how many|сколько|How many were there?           |Сколько их было?
===

'Which' is often expressed using the adjective 'какой', as in "какой этаж?"
(which floor?)

*** Some-* words

Words like something, someone, and somewhere (assertive existential indefinite
pronouns) are made by combining the appropriate question word with the ending
'-то'.

===
something|что-то
somehow  |как-то
somewhere|где-то
someone  |кто-то
===

{toska тоска}
