127 lines
3.2 KiB
Plaintext
127 lines
3.2 KiB
Plaintext
* Russian
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These are some of my notes from learning Russian.
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** Dictionary
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I have dictionary files to allow for offline browsing of a Russian-English and
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English-Russian dictionary. The files can be found {../resources/rus-dict.tar.xz here}
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(tar.xz archive). These can be opened in a program like {http://www.goldendict.org/ goldendict}.
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** Verbs
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There are three types of verbs, type 1, 2 and 1B. Type 1 consist of verbs like
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знать which are conjugated in present like so:
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===
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Я |знаю
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Ты |знаешь
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Он/Она/Оно|знает
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Мы |знаем
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Вы |знаете
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Они |знают
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===
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It is worth noting that for both type 1 and 1B verbs, if the stress is on the
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ending of verb and it is normally a "е", it changes into a "ё".
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And here is the present conjugation of the word говорить, which is a type 2 verb:
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===
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Я |говорю
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Ты |говоришь
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Он/Она/Оно|говорит
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Мы |говорим
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Вы |говорите
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Они |говорят
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===
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Type 1B verbs are almost conjugated the same way as type 1 verbs apart from a
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few differences and that the root of the verb is impossible to guess. One
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example is жить, which gets the counter-intuitive root жив-. This verb's
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conjugation also uses the ё-rule mentioned above.
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===
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Я |живу
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Ты |живёшь
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Он/Она/Оно|живёт
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Мы |живём
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Вы |живёте
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Они |живут
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===
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** У
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У is used to denote possession and telling where you are.
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===
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I have an apple |У меня есть яблока
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You have a book |У тебя есть книга
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I'm by the window |Я у окна
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I'm at Anna's place|Я у Анна
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===
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** Numbers
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===
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0 |ноль
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1 |один
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2 |два
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3 |три
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4 |четыре
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5 |пять
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6 |шесть
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7 |семь
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8 |восемь
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9 |девять
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10 |десять
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11 |одиннадцать
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12 |двенадцать
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13 |тринадцать
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etc.
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20 |дведцать
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30 |тридцать
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40 |совок
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50 |пятьдесять
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etc.
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90 |девяносто
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100|сто
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===
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** Questions
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Yes/no-questions are made by just suffixing a statement with a question mark:
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===
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Do you want coffee? |Хотите кофе?
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===
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For other kinds of questions, you need to know the correct words:
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===
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what |что |What is this? |Что это?
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how |как |How do you pronounce this word?|Как вы произносите это слово?
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where |где |Where is my book? |Где моя книга?
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when |когда |When did it happen? |Когда это произошло?
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who |кто |Who are you? |Кто вы?
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how many|сколько|How many were there? |Сколько их было?
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===
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'Which' is often expressed using the adjective 'какой', as in "какой этаж?"
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(which floor?)
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*** Some-* words
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Words like something, someone, and somewhere (assertive existential indefinite
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pronouns) are made by combining the appropriate question word with the ending
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'-то'.
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===
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something|что-то
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somehow |как-то
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somewhere|где-то
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someone |кто-то
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===
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{toska тоска}
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