Add gemini CGI page
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Nobody told me it was awful, so I'm going to put it up. If any changes need to
be made, they can be made.
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Robert Miles 2022-08-09 20:40:01 +00:00
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---
author: ~khuxkm
published: true
title: gemini cgi guide
description: a guide to using CGI on gemini
category:
- main
---
## where to put CGI scripts
you can put CGI scripts anywhere. as long as you make the file executable and
have it output the correct format for gemini. the server calls a new instance
of the program for every request it has to handle, meaning that data isn't
saved between runs unless you manually save the data to a file or database and
load the data on the next run.
## what languages can be used to write CGI
any language that can read environment variables can be used for CGI. even
shell scripting can be used for CGI, given you provide the correct shebang.
## how to write a gemini CGI script
these are the environment variables gemserv (our trusty gemini server) gives a
CGI program:
- `GATEWAY_INTERFACE` - always `CGI/1.1` in our case
- `GEMINI_URL` - the full URL used to request the page, including any query
strings
- `PATH_INFO` - any extra path after the script itself (for instance,
`gemini://tilde.team/~khuxkm/test.cgi/test/one` gives a `PATH_INFO` of
`/test/one`)
- `REMOTE_ADDR`, `REMOTE_HOST`, `REMOTE_PORT` - the addr/host/port of the
connecting client, the former two useful for rate-limiting
- `SCRIPT_NAME` - the path component of the URL that corresponds to the script
being called
- `SERVER_NAME` - the name of the server, in our case `tilde.team`
- `SERVER_PROTOCOL` - always `GEMINI` in our case
- `SERVER_SOFTWARE` - always `gemserv` in our case
- `LC_CTYPE` - always `C.UTF-8` in our case (allows for UTF-8 output)
also, if the user supplies a cert:
- `AUTH_TYPE` - always `Certificate` if present; if not present, no cert is
supplied
- `TLS_CLIENT_HASH` - the hash of the certificate, prepended with the hash type
- `REMOTE_USER` - the Common Name of the certificate
in order to write a CGI program, simply use these environment variables to
figure out what you want to do and then do it. for a simple hello world:
```
#!/bin/sh
printf '20 text/gemini\r\n'
printf 'Hello world from CGI!\r\n'
```
do note that the first line MUST use \r\n as a terminator. after that, if
you're serving gemtext, you can use whatever LF/CRLF you want for line endings
as long as you stay consistent.
for a more complex hello world that asks for input, here's a python script that
asks for your name and says hello to you:
```
#!/usr/bin/python3
from urllib.parse import unquote
from os import environ
from sys import exit
if "QUERY_STRING" not in environ:
print("10 Please enter your name",end="\r\n")
exit()
name = unquote(environ["QUERY_STRING"])
print("20 text/gemini",end="\r\n")
print(f"Hello {name}!")
```
remember, anything that can read environment variables and write to stdout can
be used to make CGI, as long as the server can figure out how to execute it.