---
author: ~khuxkm
published: true
title: gemini cgi guide
description: a guide to using CGI on gemini
category:
- publishing
- guides
- technical
---

## where to put CGI scripts

you can put CGI scripts anywhere. as long as you make the file executable and 
have it output the correct format for gemini. the server calls a new instance 
of the program for every request it has to handle, meaning that data isn't 
saved between runs unless you manually save the data to a file or database and 
load the data on the next run.

## what languages can be used to write CGI

any language that can read environment variables can be used for CGI. even 
shell scripting can be used for CGI, given you provide the correct shebang.

## how to write a gemini CGI script

these are the environment variables gemserv (our trusty gemini server) gives a 
CGI program:

 - `GATEWAY_INTERFACE` - always `CGI/1.1` in our case
 - `GEMINI_URL` - the full URL used to request the page, including any query 
strings
 - `PATH_INFO` - any extra path after the script itself (for instance, 
`gemini://tilde.team/~khuxkm/test.cgi/test/one` gives a `PATH_INFO` of 
`/test/one`)
 - `REMOTE_ADDR`, `REMOTE_HOST`, `REMOTE_PORT` - the addr/host/port of the 
connecting client, the former two useful for rate-limiting
 - `SCRIPT_NAME` - the path component of the URL that corresponds to the script 
being called
 - `SERVER_NAME` - the name of the server, in our case `tilde.team`
 - `SERVER_PROTOCOL` - always `GEMINI` in our case
 - `SERVER_SOFTWARE` - always `gemserv` in our case
 - `LC_CTYPE` - always `C.UTF-8` in our case (allows for UTF-8 output)

also, if the user supplies a cert:

 - `AUTH_TYPE` - always `Certificate` if present; if not present, no cert is 
supplied
 - `TLS_CLIENT_HASH` - the hash of the certificate, prepended with the hash type
 - `REMOTE_USER` - the Common Name of the certificate

in order to write a CGI program, simply use these environment variables to 
figure out what you want to do and then do it. for a simple hello world:

```
#!/bin/sh
printf '20 text/gemini\r\n'
printf 'Hello world from CGI!\r\n'
```

do note that the first line MUST use \r\n as a terminator. after that, if 
you're serving gemtext, you can use whatever LF/CRLF you want for line endings 
as long as you stay consistent.

for a more complex hello world that asks for input, here's a python script that 
asks for your name and says hello to you:

```
#!/usr/bin/python3
from urllib.parse import unquote
from os import environ
from sys import exit

if "QUERY_STRING" not in environ:
    print("10 Please enter your name",end="\r\n")
    exit()
name = unquote(environ["QUERY_STRING"])

print("20 text/gemini",end="\r\n")
print(f"Hello {name}!")
```

remember, anything that can read environment variables and write to stdout can 
be used to make CGI, as long as the server can figure out how to execute it.

##how to set a CGI script as executable

The CGI script must be marked as executable in order to actually run. 

To make the script executable, run this command:

```
chmod +x SCRIPT_NAME.cgi
```