Byte-oriented addressing is only supported in a couple of instructions
in SubX. As a result, variables of type 'byte' can't live on the stack,
or in registers 'esi' and 'edi'.
Based on apps/handle.subx (commit 4894), but we're able to simplify it
further now that we know more about the situation we find ourselves in.
6 instructions, zero pushes or pops.
Before I can start building this, I need to reorganize my use of handles.
They're going to be fat pointers so we can't store them in registers anymore.
At the lowest level, SubX without syntax sugar uses names without prepositions.
For example, 01 and 03 are both called 'add', irrespective of source and
destination operand. Horizontal space is at a premium, and we rely on the
comments at the end of each line to fully describe what is happening.
Above that, however, we standardize on a slightly different naming convention
across:
a) SubX with syntax sugar,
b) Mu, and
c) the SubX code that the Mu compiler emits.
Conventions, in brief:
- by default, the source is on the left and destination on the right.
e.g. add %eax, 1/r32/ecx ("add eax to ecx")
- prepositions reverse the direction.
e.g. add-to %eax, 1/r32/ecx ("add ecx to eax")
subtract-from %eax, 1/r32/ecx ("subtract ecx from eax")
- by default, comparisons are left to right while 'compare<-' reverses.
Before, I was sometimes swapping args to make the operation more obvious,
but that would complicate the code-generation of the Mu compiler, and it's
nice to be able to read the output of the compiler just like hand-written
code.
One place where SubX differs from Mu: copy opcodes are called '<-' and
'->'. Hopefully that fits with the spirit of Mu rather than the letter
of the 'copy' and 'copy-to' instructions.
I thought I needed to support compute-offset with literal index, but in
that case might as well just use an index literal directly. The 'index'
instruction with literals already supports non-power-of-2 sizes.
If indexing into a type with power-of-2-sized elements we can access them
in one instruction:
x/reg1: (addr int) <- index A/reg2: (addr array int), idx/reg3: int
This translates to a single instruction because x86 instructions support
an addressing mode with left-shifts.
For non-powers-of-2, however, we need a multiply. To keep things type-safe,
it is performed like this:
x/reg1: (offset T) <- compute-offset A: (addr array T), idx: int
y/reg2: (addr T) <- index A, x
An offset is just an int that is guaranteed to be a multiple of size-of(T).
Offsets can only be used in index instructions, and the types will eventually
be required to line up.
In the process, I have to expand Input-size because mu.subx is growing
big.
And we're using it now in factorial.mu!
In the process I had to fix a couple of bugs in pointer dereferencing.
There are still some limitations:
a) Indexing by a literal doesn't work yet.
b) Only arrays of ints supported so far.
Looking ahead, I'm not sure how I can support indexing arrays by non-literals
(variables in registers) unless the element size is a power of 2.
I'd been thinking I didn't need unconditional `break` instructions, but
I just realized that non-local unconditional breaks have a use. Stop over-thinking
this, just support everything.
The code is quite duplicated.
Kartik Agaram