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init source v1.3.0

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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 675
Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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Preamble
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Copyright (C) 19yy name of author
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GNU General Public License for more details.
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Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
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interest in the program `Gnomovision'
(which makes passes at compilers) written
by James Hacker.
signature of Ty Coon, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
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library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General Public
License instead of this License.

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#
# Makefile for Starlanes
#
CC=/usr/bin/gcc
#CCOPTS=-Wall
CCOPTS=-O2
CURSESLIB=ncurses
INSTALLDIR=/usr/local
all: starlanes
clean: *.o starlanes
rm -f *.o starlanes
ai.o: ai.c common.h
$(CC) -g $(CCOPTS) -c ai.c
starlanes.o: starlanes.c ai.c common.h
$(CC) -g $(CCOPTS) -c starlanes.c
starlanes: starlanes.o ai.o
$(CC) -g starlanes.o ai.o -o starlanes -l$(CURSESLIB)
install:
cp starlanes $(INSTALLDIR)/bin
cp starlanes.6 $(INSTALLDIR)/man/man6/
chown bin:bin $(INSTALLDIR)/bin/starlanes
chown root:root $(INSTALLDIR)/man/man6/starlanes.6
chmod 755 $(INSTALLDIR)/bin/starlanes
chmod 444 $(INSTALLDIR)/man/man6/starlanes.6
# fakeinstall just echos the install commands:
fakeinstall:
@echo cp starlanes $(INSTALLDIR)/bin
@echo cp starlanes.6 $(INSTALLDIR)/man/man6
@echo chown bin:bin $(INSTALLDIR)/bin/starlanes
@echo chown root:root $(INSTALLDIR)/man/man6/starlanes.6
@echo chmod 755 $(INSTALLDIR)/bin/starlanes
@echo chmod 444 $(INSTALLDIR)/man/man6/starlanes.6

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Type "make" to build the starlanes binaries, then sign on as root
an type "make fakeinstall"
which will, uh, pretend to install everything. If all the commands that
it's going to execute look correct, go ahead and type "make install" (as
root) to install the goods.
I would like to claim that the reason there is no
configure file is because for a small program
a configure file would be overkill but the
truth is that I don't as yet know how to make
one. Hence the make file may need adjusting.
For instance sometimes the curses program is
called plain curses and sometimes ncurses
It also expects there to be a /man/man6/ directory
in which case you should
Please, if you have any problems while installing
let me, David, know ("dejvid@zamir.net" and
"dejvid@barnsdle.demon.co.uk") even if you
solve them.
Of course you can always just change to the directory where
you installed starlanes and type "./starlanes"
David
"dejvid@zamir.net" and "dejvid@barnsdle.demon.co.uk"
This is a port to C from a version of Starlanes for the Osborne 1. The
original source is from a First Osborne Group (FOG) disk that I probably
picked up in 1982. The author isn't identified. Based on comments in
a TRS-80 version I picked up off the web, it would appear that it was
first published in Creative Computing magazine.
-Beej
beej@ecst.csuchico.edu

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/* Artificial Inteligence -anything in relation to non human players */
/*
** This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
** modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
** as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
** of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
**
** This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
** but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
** MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
** GNU General Public License for more details.
**
** You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
** along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
** Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "common.h"
/*
int move;
char map[120]; */
/*
**void generate_nme(nme)
**used in place of getting name from humans
*/
#define up_obj(move) (((move)-MAPX < 0)?OFFMAP:map[(move)-MAPX])
#define down_obj(move) (((move)+MAPX >= MAPX*MAPY)?OFFMAP:map[(move)+MAPX])
#define left_obj(move) (((move)%MAPX)?map[(move)-1]:OFFMAP)
#define right_obj(move) (((move)%MAPX == MAPX-1)?OFFMAP:map[(move)+1])
void generate_nme(char *nme)
{
static int nmeNmr=0;
switch(nmeNmr) {
case 0: strcpy(nme, "Vorg");break;
case 1: strcpy(nme, "Zhara");break;
case 2: strcpy(nme, "Dushan");break;
case 3: strcpy(nme, "Peko Pekovich");break;
case 4: strcpy(nme, "Agram Anastija");break;
default: strcpy(nme, "Man with no name");break;
};
nmeNmr++;
}
enum compass { North,East ,West,South } ;//type;
enum farcompass {NorthW , FNorth, NorthE, FEast ,SouthE ,FSouth, SouthW ,FWest};// type;
enum investstatus { none,small ,signif,main };// type;
/* getfarmove gets the charecter value of a location 2 steps away.
** It makes no distiction between an empty space and an off map
** location
*/
char getfarmove(enum farcompass fcom, char *map, int loc)
{
static int MAPX=Mx ;
static int MAPY=My;
char ch;
switch(fcom) {
case NorthW: if ((loc-1*MAPX )< 0) ch=SPACE;
else {
ch=left_obj(loc-1*MAPX);
}
break;
case FNorth: if ((loc-2*MAPX )< 0) ch=SPACE; else ch=map[loc-2*MAPX];break;
case NorthE: if ((loc-1*MAPX )< 0) ch=SPACE;
else {
ch=right_obj(loc-1*MAPX);
}
break;
case FEast: if ((loc%MAPX)!=((loc+2)%MAPX)) ch=map[loc+2];
else ch=SPACE ;
break;
case SouthE: if ((loc+MAPX )> (MAPX*MAPY)) ch=SPACE;
else {
ch=right_obj(loc+1*MAPX);
}
case FSouth: if ((loc+2*MAPX) > (MAPX*MAPY)) ch=SPACE; else ch=map[loc-2*MAPX];break;
/*(((loc)+2*MAPX > MAPX*MAPY)?SPACE:map[(loc)+2*MAPX]);break;*/
case SouthW: if ((loc+MAPX )> (MAPX*MAPY)) ch=SPACE;
else {
ch=left_obj(loc+1*MAPX);
}
case FWest: if ((loc%MAPX)!=((loc-2)%MAPX)) ch=map[loc-2];
else ch=SPACE ;
break;
/*if ((loc%MAPX)!=(loc-2)%MAPX))) ch=map[(loc)-2];else ch=SPACE;break;*/
default: ch= '?';break;
};
return ch;
}
enum compass revdir(enum compass dir)
{
enum compass rev;
switch(dir) {
case North:rev=South; break;
case East:rev=West; break;
case West:rev=East; break;
case South:rev=North; break;
}
return rev;
}
int onestep(enum compass dir, int loc)
{
int newloc;
switch(dir) {
case North:if ((loc)-Mx < 0) newloc=-1;
else newloc=loc-Mx;
break;
case South:if ((loc)+Mx > Mx*My) newloc=-1;
else newloc=loc+Mx;
break;
case West: if ((loc)%Mx ==0)newloc=-1;
else newloc=loc-1;
break;
case East: if ((loc)%Mx ==Mx-1)newloc=-1;
else newloc=loc+1;
break;
}
return newloc;
}
/*
** placemove( move)
** place move is passed the location of the numbers
** that appear on the screen to humans and selects one of these
** locations for the computer players move
*/
char placemove(PLAYER *pla,int *move, COMPANY *co, int turn,char *map, int Difficulty)
{
static int MAPX=Mx ,MAPY=My;
char mvch; long moveval[NUMMOVES]; int neighb[4];int nc, ncom;
enum compass dir;
enum investstatus curst[NUMCO];
double coholdings[NUMCO]; double tothold[NUMCO];int curpl;
char locs[South];
int seed,intchar ,mvop,curCo,curMax,
smallC,bigC; /*this is for the implications of each move */
long bgain,sgain; /* gains in mergers */
mvch= '1';
curMax=-1000;
if ((Difficulty>1 )||(rand()%100>50))
for (curCo=0;curCo<=NUMCO;curCo++){
tothold[curCo] =0;
/*finds the proportion of holdings relativ to other players*/
for (curpl=0;curpl<MAXPLAYERS;curpl++)
tothold[curCo]=pla[curpl].holdings[curCo] +tothold[curCo];
if (tothold[curCo]==0) coholdings[curCo]=0;
else coholdings[curCo]=pla[turn].holdings[curCo]/tothold[curCo];
}
for (curCo=0;curCo<=NUMCO;curCo++){
if (pla[turn].holdings[curCo]>0) curst[curCo]=signif;
else curst[curCo]=none;
}
if ((Difficulty>1 )||(rand()%100>50))
for (mvop=0;mvop<=4;mvop++){
seed=0;
locs[North] = up_obj(move[mvop]);
locs[South] = down_obj(move[mvop]);
locs[West] = left_obj(move[mvop]);
locs[East] = right_obj(move[mvop]);
moveval[mvop]=NEWCOCOST;
ncom=0;
for(dir=North;dir<=South;dir++){
if (locs[dir]== STAR) moveval[mvop]=moveval[mvop]+STARCOST ;
if (locs[dir]== BLACKHOLE) moveval[mvop]=moveval[mvop]+BLACKHOLECOST ;
if (locs[dir]== NEWCO) {
moveval[mvop]=moveval[mvop]+NEWCOCOST ;
}
if iscompany(locs[dir]) {
nc=locs[dir]-'A';
if ((ncom==0)||(nc!=neighb[1])){
ncom++; /* todo add for cases when 3 co ajacent*/
neighb[ncom]= nc;
}
}
}
if (ncom==0) if (moveval[mvop]>100) moveval[mvop]*=FOUNDER_BONUS; else moveval[mvop]=0 ;
/*need to check here whether company eliminated by black hole */
else if (ncom==1){
/*if company next door and holding is minimal then value will be reversed*/
moveval[mvop]=moveval[mvop]*( coholdings[neighb[1]]-0.25)*tothold[ncom];
}
else if (ncom>1){
/*calculate value of merger*/
smallC=1;
bigC=1;
for (curCo=2;curCo<=ncom;curCo++){
if (co[neighb[curCo]].price<co[neighb[smallC]].price)
smallC= curCo;
if (co[neighb[curCo]].price>co[neighb[bigC]].price)
bigC= curCo;
}
sgain=co[neighb[smallC]].price*tothold[neighb[smallC]]*
(coholdings[neighb[smallC]]-0.25)/2;/*bonus*/
sgain+=co[bigC].price*tothold[neighb[smallC]]*
(coholdings[neighb[smallC]]-0.25);
bgain=(moveval[mvop]+co[neighb[smallC]].price)*
tothold[neighb[bigC]]*(coholdings[neighb[bigC]]-0.25);
moveval[mvop]=sgain+bgain;
}
if (moveval[mvop]>curMax) {
intchar= mvop +(int)'1';
mvch= (char) intchar;
curMax=moveval[mvop] ;
}
}
else mvch=1;
return mvch;
}
/*
** distantblackhole starts at the black hole, moves two away and then
** looks at the three ajacent points for companies. It then increases
** the risk factor for any companies found. It isn't
** always able to detect when the route between the black hole
** and company is blocked so sometimes sees a risk that isn't there.
*/
void distantblackhole(COMPANY *co,char *map,int loc)
{
int step,cloc;
enum compass dir,end;
int neighb[4], ncom, new,isnew,curCo;
for (dir=North;dir<=South;dir++){
step =onestep(dir, loc);
if (step>-1) if (map[step]==SPACE){
step =onestep(dir, step);
ncom=0;
if (step>-1) if (!(iscompany(map[step]))) for (end=North;end<=South;end++)
if (end!=revdir(dir)){ /*point ajacent bh checked elsewhere*/
cloc= onestep(end, step);
if iscompany(map[cloc]) {
new=map[cloc]-'A';
isnew=1;
curCo=0;
while ((curCo<=ncom) && (isnew==1)){
if (curCo==ncom) /* no need to check if co already found if first */
neighb[curCo]=new;
else if (neighb[curCo]==new) isnew=0;
curCo++;
}
if (isnew==1) {
ncom++;
neighb[curCo]=new;
}
}
}
curCo=1;
while (curCo<=ncom){
co[neighb[curCo]].risk+= BLACKHOLECOST/2;
curCo++;
}
}
}
}
/*
**ai_buy_sell not only choses the most promising investments but
**actually executes the sales
*/
void ai_buy_sell(PLAYER *pl, COMPANY *co, int turn,char *map, int Difficulty)
{
int curloc,curCo,BuyCo,SecCo,amt ;
static int MAPX=Mx , MAPY=My;
int localpt, localris;
enum compass dir;
int neighb[4];
int nc, ncom,smallC,bigC;
char locs[South];
for(curCo=0;curCo<NUMCO;curCo++) { /*reset values*/
co[curCo].potential=co[curCo].risk=0;
}
for (curloc=1;curloc<=(Mx*My);curloc++){
if (map[curloc]==BLACKHOLE) distantblackhole(co,map,curloc);
if (map[curloc]==SPACE);{
locs[North] = up_obj(curloc); /*get the chars of the 4 ajacent points*/
locs[South] = down_obj(curloc);
locs[West] = left_obj(curloc);
locs[East] = right_obj(curloc);
localris=0;
localpt=NEWCOCOST; /*the gain from the point itself */
for(dir=North;dir<=South;dir++){
if (locs[dir]== STAR) localpt=localpt+STARCOST ;/*First check the value or */
if ((Difficulty>2 )||(rand()%100>50))
if (locs[dir]== BLACKHOLE)
localris=localris+BLACKHOLECOST;/*loss from the point*/
if (locs[dir]== NEWCO) localpt=localpt+NEWCOCOST ;
}
}
ncom=0;
for(dir=North;dir<=South;dir++){ /*Then add those values to the potetial of companies*/
if (iscompany(locs[dir])) { /*that are in the vicinity */
nc=locs[dir]-'A';
if ((ncom==0)||(nc!=neighb[1])){
ncom++; /* todo add for cases when 3 co ajacent*/
neighb[ncom]= nc;
}
}
}
if (ncom==1 ){
co[nc].potential=co[nc].potential+localpt;
co[nc].risk=co[nc].risk+localris;
}
else if (ncom>1){
smallC=1;
bigC=1;
for (curCo=2;curCo<=ncom;curCo++){
if (co[neighb[curCo]].price<co[neighb[smallC]].price)
smallC= curCo;
if (co[neighb[curCo]].price>co[neighb[bigC]].price)
bigC= curCo;
}
/* bonus ignored for now*/
co[neighb[bigC]].potential=co[neighb[bigC]].potential+(co[neighb[smallC]].price);
co[neighb[smallC]].potential=co[neighb[smallC]].potential+co[neighb[bigC]].price/2;
}
}
SecCo=BuyCo=-1 ;
for(curCo=0;curCo<NUMCO;curCo++) /*Find the co with greatest potential*/
if (co[curCo].price>0) {
co[curCo].netpot=(co[curCo].potential+co[curCo].risk)/
(co[curCo].price);
if ((co[curCo].netpot>0)){
if (BuyCo==-1) BuyCo=curCo;
else {
if (co[curCo].netpot>co[BuyCo].netpot) {
SecCo=BuyCo;
BuyCo=curCo;
}
else {
if (SecCo==-1) SecCo=curCo;
else if (co[curCo].netpot>co[SecCo].netpot)
SecCo=curCo;
}
}
}
}
if ((Difficulty>2 )||((Difficulty>1 )&&(rand()%100>50)) )
for(curCo=0;curCo<NUMCO;curCo++){ /*sell all*/
pl[turn].cash += pl[turn].holdings[curCo]*co[curCo].price;
pl[turn].holdings[curCo]=0;
}
if (BuyCo>-1){ /*now buy shares in the company with the best prospects*/
if (co[BuyCo].risk<0) { /*don't put all your eggs into one basket*/
amt= pl[turn].cash/(co[BuyCo].price*2);
pl[turn].cash += (-amt * co[BuyCo].price);
pl[turn].holdings[BuyCo] += amt;
if (SecCo>-1){
amt= pl[turn].cash/co[SecCo].price;
pl[turn].cash += (-amt * co[SecCo].price);
pl[turn].holdings[SecCo] += amt;
}
}
else {
amt= pl[turn].cash/co[BuyCo].price;
pl[turn].cash += (-amt * co[BuyCo].price);
pl[turn].holdings[BuyCo] += amt;
}
}
}

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Version 1.3.0 released 2004 by David Barnsdale
dejvid@barnsdle.demon.co.uk and dejvid@zamir.net
AI implemented. All AI related stuff placed in "ai.c".
Information screen giving holdings of all players added.
Bug caused by player earning excess money removed.
Version 1.2.2 released 1997 by Brian "Beej" Hall
"beej@ecst.csuchico.edu"

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/*
** This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
** modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
** as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
** of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
**
** This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
** but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
** MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
** GNU General Public License for more details.
**
** You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
** along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
** Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
*/
#define OFFMAP '-' /* space character */
#define SPACE '.' /* space character */
#define NEWCO '+' /* new company character */
#define STAR '*' /* star character */
#define BLACKHOLE '@' /* black hole character */
#define NUMCO 5 /* number of companies (don't change) */
#define INIT_CO_COST 100 /* initial company start cost */
#define FOUNDER_BONUS 5 /* founder gets this much stock */
#define NUMMOVES 5 /* number of moves options a player gets */
#define MAXPLAYERS 4 /* total number of players a game can have */
#define STARCOST 500 /* company's price increase near star */
#define BLACKHOLECOST -500 /* price increase near black hole */
#define NEWCOCOST 100 /* company's price increase near new co */
#define Mx 12 /* x dimension of map */
#define My 10 /* y dimension of map */
/* macros to look at surrounding spaces on the map: */
#define iscompany(c) ((c)>='A'&&(c)<='Z')
#define ripe(c) ((c)==STAR||(c)==NEWCO)
#define co_near(move) (iscompany(up_obj(move))||iscompany(down_obj(move))||iscompany(left_obj(move))||iscompany(right_obj(move)))
#define s_or_bh(c) ((c)==SPACE||(c)==BLACKHOLE)
/* player and company structures: */
typedef struct {
char name[100];
int holdings[NUMCO];
long int svalue; /* stock value -- not always accurate!! */
long int cash;
int ishuman;
} PLAYER;
typedef struct {
char name[100];
int price;
int size;
int potential;
int risk; /* value related to chance of being swallowed by Black Hole */
int netpot; /* potential - risk */
} COMPANY;

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.TH STARLANES 6 "29 March 1996" "Starlanes V1.2.2"
.SH NAME
starlanes \- the game of starlanes
.SH SYNOPSIS
.BR "starlanes " [ -v | c | m ]
.SH DESCRIPTION
.B Starlanes
is a game of interstellar commerce for 1 to 4 players. Players take
two-phase turns: the first phase is movement, the second is trading.
.PP
The object of the game is to become as wealthy as possible by trading
and merging companies whilst out-smarting your friends and enemies.
.SH OPTIONS
.TP 5
-v
Print version information
.TP 5
-c
Force the game to play in color mode
.TP 5
-m
Force the game to play in mono mode
.SH PLAYING STARLANES
.SS The Starlanes User Interface
.B Starlanes
is written using color ncurses, but will detect a black and white
screen and will modify its output accordingly. On Linux, setting
.B TERM=console
or
.B TERM=linux
either on a virtual console or in a
.B color_xterm
window works well.
.PP
After the initial player determination screen, you will be presented
with the main
.B Starlanes
screen. This screen is split into three individual windows: the
.BR "map window" ,
the
.BR "company window" ,
and the
.BR "general info window" .
.PP
The
.B map window
shows the terrain of the universe. The legend is:
.PP
.RS
.BR * " - Star"
.br
.BR @ " - Black hole"
.br
.BR + " - Infant company"
.br
.BR . " - Empty space"
.br
.BR A
- Company A (Altair Starways)
.RE
.PP
The companies are
.BR "Altair Starways" ,
.BR "Beetlejuice Ltd." ,
.BR "Capella Freight Co." ,
.BR "Denebola Shippers" ,
and
.BR "Eridani Expediters" .
On the map, the companies are represented by the first letter of their
name.
.PP
The
.B company window
shows information concerning the currently existing companies,
including the company name, its price per share, and the current
player's holdings.
.PP
The
.B general info window
will prompt the user for input if the player is waiting to move or
trade, but will also display special announcements as they come up.
During a player's turn, that player's name is displayed in the title
bar of the window, along with his cash holdings.
.PP
Also, mention should be made of two other windows: the
.B player standings window
and the
.B company detail window
(not to be confused with the
.BR "company info window" .)
.PP
The
.B player standings window
can be brought up during the player's move by pressing the
.RB ' s '
key. This window shows all the player's names, stock holdings, cash,
and total worth, sorted by total worth. It also shows the number of
sectors that remain to be filled by companies before the game ends.
.PP
The
.B company detail window
is invoked with the
.RB ' c '
key. It shows, for each active company, its name, price per share,
size, and total worth (all player's shares * price per share). The
company size and total worth are useful in determining the result of a
.B merger
(see below.)
.PP
If a screen redraw is necessary, pressing
.RB ' ^L '
at almost any of the prompts will accomplish that.
.PP
Finally, if the players want to
.B quit
before the game before is over, press
.RB ' q '
or
.RB ' ^C '
and a quit verification window will pop up. If
.RB ' y '
is pressed, the final game standings will be displayed, and the
program will end.
.SS Player Movement
During the first phase of a player's turn, the computer will prompt
for a move from a choice of 5. These moves are chosen randomly (for
the most part). Upon making your move, there are several things that
might happen. (NOTE: it is important to remember that two objects on
the map are adjacent
.I only
if they are orthogonally adjacent. Diagonals
.B don't
count!)
.PP
If you move into a sector that is completely surrounded by empty space
.RB ( . ),
that sector will then contain an infant company
.RB ( + ).
.PP
If you move next to an existing company
.RB ( A - E ),
that company will expand into that sector of the map. If the new
extension of the company touches an infant company
.RB ( + ),
that infant company will also be assimilated.
.PP
Given that you're not moving next to an existing company, if you move next
to a star
.RB ( * )
or an infant company
.RB ( + ),
a new company will be formed. You, as company founder, will receive
.B 5
shares in the company for free. For calculating how much a company
will be worth, see
.BR "Company Pricing" ,
below.
.PP
If you happen to move next to a black hole
.RB ( @ ),
one of many things could happen, depending on the circumstances. See
.BR "Black Holes" ,
below.
.SS Company Pricing
Determining a company's price per share is fairly simple. Generally
speaking, a company is worth
.B $100
for every sector it occupies (as given on the
.B "company info window"
under ``Size''), plus
.BR $500
for every sector it occupies which is adjacent to a star
.RB ( * ),
minus
.BR $500
for every sector it occupies which is adjacent to a black hole
.RB ( @ ).
If a
company's price per share drops to 0 or less, the company vanishes
(see
.BR "Black Holes" ,
below.) Also note that you will not be able to visually estimate a
company's price per share if that company has undergone a stock split
(see
.BR "Stock Splits" ,
below.)
.SS Holding Bonus
Immediately after a player's move, he is awarded a cash bonus equal to
.B 5%
of the total worth of his complete holdings. This bonus is awarded
even if the game ends directly following the move (see
.BR "Game's End" ,
below.) This is the cash that the player will then use during the
trading phase (see
.BR Trading ,
below.)
.SS Trading
If any companies exist after a player moves on the map, that player
will be given the chance to buy and sell stock. This is where the
game is really played. One must determine which companies are going
to earn the highest profits in the next round and invest in those
companies more heavily than ones that only have a small chance of turning a
profit. (See
.BR Strategy ,
below.) The current player's cash value is printed next to his name
in the
.B general info window
title.
.PP
Use the arrow keys to select a company you wish to trade stock in,
then press
.BR return .
You will be asked for an amount to trade. Enter the number of shares
you wish to purchase in this company. (Just press
.B return
again or enter
.RB `` 0 ''
if you don't really want to trade with this company.)
Choose a negative amount if you want to sell shares (at
.B 100%
of their value.) At this point, the user can also press the
.RB ' m '
key to purchase the maximum number of shares possible, or press the
.RB ' n '
key to sell all of his holdings in this company.
.PP
Once the player has completed trading, he can press
.B escape
to end his turn, thereby transferring control to the next player.
.SS Mergers
When a player chooses a sector of the map that would cause two or
more companies to touch, a
.B merger
occurs.
.PP
First, the companies sizes are checked
and the company with the larger size absorbs the smaller.
.PP
If the companies are the same size, the company with the highest total
worth absorbs the smaller.
(The user can view company size and company total worth on the
.BR "company detail window" ,
see above.)
.PP
Finally, if both company sizes and total worths match, the companies
will merge at random.
.PP
If a three or four-way
.B merger
occurs, the merges will take place one at a time, in an order that is
somewhat clockwise.
.PP
After a
.BR merger ,
each player will have half the number of shares of
held in the vanquished company added to the number of shares held in the
still-existing company. The value of the still-existing company's
price per share will increase by the vanquished company's
price per share.
.PP
Additionally, each player receives a cash bonus equal to
.PP
.RS
.RB "10 * " "stock price" " * " "holdings percentage" ,
.RE
.PP
where
.B stock price
is the old price per share of the vanquished company and
.B holdings percentage
is the percentage of total stock once owned in the vanquished company.
For example, imagine that
.B Altair Starways
(worth
.B $500
per share) is merged into
.BR "Denebola Shippers" .
Also, assume that the player owned
.B 50%
of the total shares in
.BR "Altair Starways" .
Using the formula, that player would receive a bonus of
.PP
.RS
.RB "10 * " $500 " * " 50% " = " $2,500 .
.RE
.PP
For more hints on how to deal with
.BR mergers ,
see
.BR Strategy ,
below.
.SS Stock Splits
When a company's price per share climbs above
.BR $3,000 ,
a
.B stock split
occurs. All player holdings in that company are doubled, and the
price per share is halved. See
.BR Strategy ,
below, for money making tips during and after stock splits.
.SS Black Holes
Since
.B black holes
drain
.B $500
from any company that is in contact with them, it is possible that the
company's price per share will drop to 0 or less. If this happens,
the entire company is sucked out of space and all player holdings are
lost.
.PP
If a player attempts to place an infant company
.RB ( + )
near a
.BR "black hole " ( @ ),
that infant company will be immediately sucked up, resulting again in
an empty sector.
.PP
Likewise, if a player attempts to start a new company that would
normally be worth $500 or less per share next to a
.BR "black hole" ,
the sectors that the new company would have occupied all become empty
space
.RB ( . ).
.PP
For some ways to make
.B black holes
work to your advantage, see
.BR Strategy ,
below.
.SS Game's End
The game ends when
.B 54%
of the map is filled with companies (about
.B 70
sectors.) The player who made the final move receives his
.B 5%
holdings bonus (see
.BR "Holding Bonus" ,
above) and the final standings window is displayed. The player with
the highest total worth is the winner.
.SS Strategy
In order to maximize your profits, you must wisely invent your cash.
For instance, if a company is near a black hole, it is likely that it
will lose $500 per share in the next few rounds. Likewise, if a
company is near a star, it might soon have a $500 gain.
.PP
Also, the
larger the company, the greater that chance that it will be added onto
(just because it takes up more room on the map.) If you own 300
shares in a company, and its value goes up by $100 per share, that's a
$30,000 increase in your net worth.
.PP
Another thing to watch for is when companies are about to merge.
Remember that the number of shares you own in the smaller company will
be halved before being added to the bigger one when they merge. This
can be used to your advantage, especially if the smaller company is
worth significantly less than the larger. If the big company is worth
$2,000 per share, and the small is worth $200 per share, you can buy 10
times as many shares in the smaller. When the companies merge, the
number of shares in the smaller company is halved, but it's still 5
times the amount of stock you could've purchased in the larger company.
.PP
Don't forget that when two companies merge, the players receive a cash
bonus that depends on the percentage of stock they owned in the
smaller company (see
.BR Mergers ,
above.) It is good to try to own a higher percentage than anyone
else.
.PP
A way to gain profit earning potential is to have a large number of
shares in a company when the stock splits two-for-one (see
.BR "Stock Splits" ,
above.) Even though your initial net worth remains the same after a
stock split, you'll now increase your net worth by twice the value you
used to whenever the company's price per share rises. Also, if your
opponent has 100 shares and you have 150 before the split, that'll
change to 200 shares and 300 shares, effectively increasing your lead
in shares by 100%.
.PP
Black holes weren't present in the original game, but were added to
give players who have fallen behind a chance to shaft the leaders. If
your opponent owns 100 shares of Altair Starways and you only own 50,
you can extend the company against a black hole. Your opponent will
lose $50,000 from his net worth, but you'll only lose $25,000.
.PP
Finally, a reminder to invest as much money as you possible can each
round (unless it's too risky.) The reason for this is the 5% cash
bonus all players receive each round based on their holdings (see
.BR "Holdings Bonus" ,
above.) Your cash earns you no interest.
.SH FILES
.I /usr/local/games/starlanes
.br
.I /usr/local/man/man6/starlanes.6
.SH AUTHOR
This version of
.B Starlanes
was written and is Copyright (C) by Brian
.RB `` Beej ''
Hall 1995-1997. The author can be reached at
.BR beej@ecst.csuchico.edu .
.B Starlanes
comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is
free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain
conditions; read the file
.I COPYING
for details.
.SH ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I'd like to thank the unnamed authors of the original Starlanes for
creating such a thought provoking and fun to play text-based game. I
got my first copy on a First Osborne Group (FOG) disk in what must have
been 1982 or so, and used to spend endless hours playing against my
friends. For us, the game is just as fun as ever. To the original
authors, I salute you!
.SH BUGS
There are no computer controlled players.
.PP
Doesn't respond if ^Z is pressed to suspend the game.
.PP
If only one person is playing, he or she will frequently make enough
money to break the fixed-field-length windows and/or cause the
variable that holds player cash to overflow. Try to keep your
earnings under $2 billion until I convert these variables to long
doubles. :-)

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STARLANES(6) STARLANES(6)
NAME
starlanes - the game of starlanes
SYNOPSIS
starlanes [-v|c|m]
DESCRIPTION
Starlanes is a game of interstellar commerce for 1 to 4
players. Players take two-phase turns: the first phase is
movement, the second is trading.
The object of the game is to become as wealthy as possible
by trading and merging companies whilst out-smarting your
friends and enemies.
OPTIONS
-v Print version information
-c Force the game to play in color mode
-m Force the game to play in mono mode
PLAYING STARLANES
The Starlanes User Interface
Starlanes is written using color ncurses, but will detect
a black and white screen and will modify its output
accordingly. On Linux, setting TERM=console or TERM=linux
either on a virtual console or in a color_xterm window
works well.
After the initial player determination screen, you will be
presented with the main Starlanes screen. This screen is
split into three individual windows: the map window, the
company window, and the general info window.
The map window shows the terrain of the universe. The
legend is:
* - Star
@ - Black hole
+ - Infant company
. - Empty space
A - Company A (Altair Starways)
The companies are Altair Starways, Beetlejuice Ltd.,
Capella Freight Co., Denebola Shippers, and Eridani Expe-
diters. On the map, the companies are represented by the
first letter of their name.
The company window shows information concerning the cur-
rently existing companies, including the company name, its
price per share, and the current player's holdings.
The general info window will prompt the user for input if
Starlanes V1.2.2 29 March 1996 1
STARLANES(6) STARLANES(6)
the player is waiting to move or trade, but will also dis-
play special announcements as they come up. During a
player's turn, that player's name is displayed in the
title bar of the window, along with his cash holdings.
Also, mention should be made of two other windows: the
player standings window and the company detail window (not
to be confused with the company info window.)
The player standings window can be brought up during the
player's move by pressing the 's' key. This window shows
all the player's names, stock holdings, cash, and total
worth, sorted by total worth. It also shows the number of
sectors that remain to be filled by companies before the
game ends.
The company detail window is invoked with the 'c' key. It
shows, for each active company, its name, price per share,
size, and total worth (all player's shares * price per
share). The company size and total worth are useful in
determining the result of a merger (see below.)
If a screen redraw is necessary, pressing '^L' at almost
any of the prompts will accomplish that.
Finally, if the players want to quit before the game
before is over, press 'q' or '^C' and a quit verification
window will pop up. If 'y' is pressed, the final game
standings will be displayed, and the program will end.
Player Movement
During the first phase of a player's turn, the computer
will prompt for a move from a choice of 5. These moves
are chosen randomly (for the most part). Upon making your
move, there are several things that might happen. (NOTE:
it is important to remember that two objects on the map
are adjacent only if they are orthogonally adjacent.
Diagonals don't count!)
If you move into a sector that is completely surrounded by
empty space (.), that sector will then contain an infant
company (+).
If you move next to an existing company (A-E), that com-
pany will expand into that sector of the map. If the new
extension of the company touches an infant company (+),
that infant company will also be assimilated.
Given that you're not moving next to an existing company,
if you move next to a star (*) or an infant company (+), a
new company will be formed. You, as company founder, will
receive 5 shares in the company for free. For calculating
how much a company will be worth, see Company Pricing,
below.
Starlanes V1.2.2 29 March 1996 2
STARLANES(6) STARLANES(6)
If you happen to move next to a black hole (@), one of
many things could happen, depending on the circumstances.
See Black Holes, below.
Company Pricing
Determining a company's price per share is fairly simple.
Generally speaking, a company is worth $100 for every sec-
tor it occupies (as given on the company info window under
``Size''), plus $500 for every sector it occupies which is
adjacent to a star (*), minus $500 for every sector it
occupies which is adjacent to a black hole (@). If a com-
pany's price per share drops to 0 or less, the company
vanishes (see Black Holes, below.) Also note that you
will not be able to visually estimate a company's price
per share if that company has undergone a stock split (see
Stock Splits, below.)
Holding Bonus
Immediately after a player's move, he is awarded a cash
bonus equal to 5% of the total worth of his complete hold-
ings. This bonus is awarded even if the game ends
directly following the move (see Game's End, below.) This
is the cash that the player will then use during the trad-
ing phase (see Trading, below.)
Trading
If any companies exist after a player moves on the map,
that player will be given the chance to buy and sell
stock. This is where the game is really played. One must
determine which companies are going to earn the highest
profits in the next round and invest in those companies
more heavily than ones that only have a small chance of
turning a profit. (See Strategy, below.) The current
player's cash value is printed next to his name in the
general info window title.
Use the arrow keys to select a company you wish to trade
stock in, then press return. You will be asked for an
amount to trade. Enter the number of shares you wish to
purchase in this company. (Just press return again or
enter ``0'' if you don't really want to trade with this
company.) Choose a negative amount if you want to sell
shares (at 100% of their value.) At this point, the user
can also press the 'm' key to purchase the maximum number
of shares possible, or press the 'n' key to sell all of
his holdings in this company.
Once the player has completed trading, he can press escape
to end his turn, thereby transferring control to the next
player.
Mergers
When a player chooses a sector of the map that would cause
two or more companies to touch, a merger occurs.
Starlanes V1.2.2 29 March 1996 3
STARLANES(6) STARLANES(6)
First, the companies sizes are checked and the company
with the larger size absorbs the smaller.
If the companies are the same size, the company with the
highest total worth absorbs the smaller. (The user can
view company size and company total worth on the company
detail window, see above.)
Finally, if both company sizes and total worths match, the
companies will merge at random.
If a three or four-way merger occurs, the merges will take
place one at a time, in an order that is somewhat clock-
wise.
After a merger, each player will have half the number of
shares of held in the vanquished company added to the num-
ber of shares held in the still-existing company. The
value of the still-existing company's price per share will
increase by the vanquished company's price per share.
Additionally, each player receives a cash bonus equal to
10 * stock price * holdings percentage,
where stock price is the old price per share of the van-
quished company and holdings percentage is the percentage
of total stock once owned in the vanquished company. For
example, imagine that Altair Starways (worth $500 per
share) is merged into Denebola Shippers. Also, assume
that the player owned 50% of the total shares in Altair
Starways. Using the formula, that player would receive a
bonus of
10 * $500 * 50% = $2,500.
For more hints on how to deal with mergers, see Strategy,
below.
Stock Splits
When a company's price per share climbs above $3,000, a
stock split occurs. All player holdings in that company
are doubled, and the price per share is halved. See
Strategy, below, for money making tips during and after
stock splits.
Black Holes
Since black holes drain $500 from any company that is in
contact with them, it is possible that the company's price
per share will drop to 0 or less. If this happens, the
entire company is sucked out of space and all player hold-
ings are lost.
If a player attempts to place an infant company (+) near a
Starlanes V1.2.2 29 March 1996 4
STARLANES(6) STARLANES(6)
black hole (@), that infant company will be immediately
sucked up, resulting again in an empty sector.
Likewise, if a player attempts to start a new company that
would normally be worth $500 or less per share next to a
black hole, the sectors that the new company would have
occupied all become empty space (.).
For some ways to make black holes work to your advantage,
see Strategy, below.
Game's End
The game ends when 54% of the map is filled with companies
(about 70 sectors.) The player who made the final move
receives his 5% holdings bonus (see Holding Bonus, above)
and the final standings window is displayed. The player
with the highest total worth is the winner.
Strategy
In order to maximize your profits, you must wisely invent
your cash. For instance, if a company is near a black
hole, it is likely that it will lose $500 per share in the
next few rounds. Likewise, if a company is near a star,
it might soon have a $500 gain.
Also, the larger the company, the greater that chance that
it will be added onto (just because it takes up more room
on the map.) If you own 300 shares in a company, and its
value goes up by $100 per share, that's a $30,000 increase
in your net worth.
Another thing to watch for is when companies are about to
merge. Remember that the number of shares you own in the
smaller company will be halved before being added to the
bigger one when they merge. This can be used to your
advantage, especially if the smaller company is worth sig-
nificantly less than the larger. If the big company is
worth $2,000 per share, and the small is worth $200 per
share, you can buy 10 times as many shares in the smaller.
When the companies merge, the number of shares in the
smaller company is halved, but it's still 5 times the
amount of stock you could've purchased in the larger com-
pany.
Don't forget that when two companies merge, the players
receive a cash bonus that depends on the percentage of
stock they owned in the smaller company (see Mergers,
above.) It is good to try to own a higher percentage than
anyone else.
A way to gain profit earning potential is to have a large
number of shares in a company when the stock splits two-
for-one (see Stock Splits, above.) Even though your ini-
tial net worth remains the same after a stock split,
Starlanes V1.2.2 29 March 1996 5
STARLANES(6) STARLANES(6)
you'll now increase your net worth by twice the value you
used to whenever the company's price per share rises.
Also, if your opponent has 100 shares and you have 150
before the split, that'll change to 200 shares and 300
shares, effectively increasing your lead in shares by
100%.
Black holes weren't present in the original game, but were
added to give players who have fallen behind a chance to
shaft the leaders. If your opponent owns 100 shares of
Altair Starways and you only own 50, you can extend the
company against a black hole. Your opponent will lose
$50,000 from his net worth, but you'll only lose $25,000.
Finally, a reminder to invest as much money as you possi-
ble can each round (unless it's too risky.) The reason
for this is the 5% cash bonus all players receive each
round based on their holdings (see Holdings Bonus, above.)
Your cash earns you no interest.
FILES
/usr/local/games/starlanes
/usr/local/man/man6/starlanes.6
AUTHOR
This version of Starlanes was written and is Copyright (C)
by Brian ``Beej'' Hall 1995-1997. The author can be
reached at beej@ecst.csuchico.edu. Starlanes comes with
ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software, and you
are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions;
read the file COPYING for details.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I'd like to thank the unnamed authors of the original
Starlanes for creating such a thought provoking and fun to
play text-based game. I got my first copy on a First
Osborne Group (FOG) disk in what must have been 1982 or
so, and used to spend endless hours playing against my
friends. For us, the game is just as fun as ever. To the
original authors, I salute you!
BUGS
There are no computer controlled players.
Doesn't respond if ^Z is pressed to suspend the game.
If only one person is playing, he or she will frequently
make enough money to break the fixed-field-length windows
and/or cause the variable that holds player cash to over-
flow. Try to keep your earnings under $2 billion until I
convert these variables to long doubles. :-)
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