mirror of https://github.com/vinc/moros.git
207 lines
6.2 KiB
HTML
207 lines
6.2 KiB
HTML
<!doctype html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<title>MOROS Filesystem</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="moros.css">
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>MOROS Filesystem</h1>
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<h2>Hard drive</h2>
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<p>A hard drive is separated in blocks of 512 bytes, grouped into 4 areas:</p>
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<pre><code>+------------+
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| Boot | (4096 blocks)
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+------------+
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| Superblock | (2 blocks)
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+------------+
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| Bitmap | (n / (8 * 512) blocks)
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+------------+
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| Data | (n blocks)
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+------------+
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</code></pre>
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<p>The first area contains the bootloader and the kernel, the second is a
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superblock with a magic string to identify the file system, the third is a
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bitmap mapping the allocated data blocks of the last area.</p>
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<p>A location on the tree of dirs and files is named a path:</p>
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<ul>
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<li>The root dir is represented by a slash: <code>/</code></li>
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<li>A dir inside the root will have its name appended to the slash: <code>/usr</code></li>
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<li>Subsequent dirs will append a slash and their names: <code>/usr/admin</code></li>
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</ul>
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<h3>Creation with QEMU</h3>
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<pre><code>$ qemu-img create disk.img 128M
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Formatting 'disk.img', fmt=raw size=134217728
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</code></pre>
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<h3>Setup in diskless console</h3>
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<p>During boot MOROS will detect any hard drives present on the ATA buses, then
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look for a filesystem on those hard drives. If no filesystem is found, MOROS
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will open a console in diskless mode to allow the user to create one with
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the <code>disk format</code> command:</p>
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<pre><code>> disk format /dev/ata/0/0
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</code></pre>
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<p>This command will format the first disk on the first ATA bus by writing a magic
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string in a superblock, mounting the filesystem, and allocating the root
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directory.</p>
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<p>The next step during setup is to create the directory structure:</p>
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<pre><code>> write /bin/ # Binaries
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> write /dev/ # Devices
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> write /ini/ # Initialisation files
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> write /lib/ # Libraries
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> write /net/ # Network
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> write /src/ # Sources
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> write /tmp/ # Temporary files
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> write /usr/ # User directories
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> write /var/ # Variable files
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</code></pre>
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<p>Then the following should be added to the boot script with the
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command <code>edit /ini/boot.sh</code> to allow MOROS to finish booting:</p>
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<pre><code>user login
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shell
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</code></pre>
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<p>Finally a user can be created with the following command:</p>
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<pre><code>> user create
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</code></pre>
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<p>All of this can be made more easily by running the <code>install</code> command instead.
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This installer will also add additional files contained in the <code>dsk</code>
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repository of the source code, like a nice login banner :)</p>
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<h2>Data Structures</h2>
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<h3>BlockBitmap</h3>
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<p>Bitmap of allocated blocks in the data area.</p>
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<h3>Block</h3>
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<p>A block is small area of 512 bytes on a hard drive, and it is also part of
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linked list representing a file or a directory.</p>
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<p>The first 4 bytes of a block is the address of the next block on the list and
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the rest of block is the data stored in the block.</p>
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<p>Structure:</p>
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<pre><code> 0
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 n
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+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ // +-+
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| addr | data |
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+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ // +-+
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n = 512
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</code></pre>
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<h3>Superblock</h3>
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<pre><code> 0 1 2
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 n
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+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ // +-+
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| signature |v|b| count | alloc | reserved |
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+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ // +-+
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signature = "MOROS FS"
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v = version number of the FS
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b = size of a block in 2 ^ (9 + b) bytes
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count = number of blocks
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alloc = number of allocated blocks
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</code></pre>
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<h3>File</h3>
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<p>The first block of a file contains the address of the next block where its
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contents is stored and the beginning of its contents in the rest of the block.</p>
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<p>If all contents can fit into one block the address of the next block will be
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empty.</p>
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<p>Structure:</p>
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<pre><code> 0
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 n
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+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ // +-+
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| addr | contents |
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+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ // +-+
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n = 512
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</code></pre>
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<h3>Dir</h3>
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<p>The first block of a directory contains the address of the next block where its
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directory entries are stored and the first entries in the rest of the block.</p>
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<p>If all entries can fit into one block the address of the next block will be
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empty.</p>
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<p>Structure:</p>
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<pre><code> 0 1
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 n
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+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ // +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ // +-+
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| addr | dir entry 1 | dir entry 2 |
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+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ // +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ // +-+
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n = 512
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</code></pre>
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<h3>DirEntry</h3>
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<p>A directory entry represents a file or a directory contained inside a
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directory. Each entry use a variable number of bytes that must fit inside the
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data of one block. Those bytes represent the kind of entry (file or dir), the
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address of the first block, the filesize (max 4GB), the last modified time in
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seconds since Unix Epoch, the length of the filename, and the filename (max
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255 chars) of the entry.</p>
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<p>Structure:</p>
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<pre><code> 0 1 2
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 m
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+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ // +-+
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|k| addr | size | time |n| name buffer |
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+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ // +-+
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k = kind of entry
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n = length of name buffer
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m = 17 + n
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</code></pre>
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<h3>FileInfo</h3>
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<p>The <code>info</code> syscall on a file or directory and the <code>read</code> syscall on a directory
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return a subset of a directory entry for userspace programs.</p>
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<p>Structure:</p>
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<pre><code> 0 1 2
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 m
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+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ // +-+
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|k| size | time |n| name buffer |
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+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ // +-+
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k = kind of entry
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n = length of name buffer
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m = 13 + n
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</code></pre>
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<footer><p><a href="/">MOROS</a></footer>
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</body>
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</html>
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